Selection strategies for peer-to-peer 3D streaming

Abstract

In multi-user networked virtual environments such as Second Life, 3D streaming techniques have been used to progressively download and render 3D objects and terrain, so that a full download or prior installation is not necessary. As existing client-server architectures may not scale easily, 3D streaming based on peer-to-peer (P2P) delivery is recently proposed to allow users to acquire 3D content from other users instead of the server. However, discovering the peers who possess relevant data and have enough bandwidth to answer data requests is non-trivial. A naive query-response approach thus may be inefficient and could incur unnecessary latency and message overhead. In this paper, we propose a peer selection strategy for P2P-based 3D streaming, where peers exchange information on content availability incrementally with neighbors. Requestors can thus discover suppliers quickly and avoid time-consuming queries. A multi-level area of interest (AOI) request is also adopted to avoid request contention due to concentrated requests. Simulation results show that our strategies achieve better system scalability and streaming performance than a naive query-response approach.

Energy-aware analysis for supplying partner selection in mobile P2P 3D streaming

“…Different supplying partner protocols and schemes [4], [10], [12] were developed and can be found in the literature aiming to discover the suitable peer that possesses the relevant data. Each protocol has different effects on the system performance.…”

“…However, this approach may suffer from latency and invalid requests if the selected supplying partner is new. Moreover, Cavagna et al's approach [6] may cause the request contention problem [12]. Royan et al [5] improved Cavagna et al's solution [6] by addressing the invalid requests issue.…”

“…However, this approach causes latency, message overhead and requests contention since the source is randomly chosen [12]. Sung et al [12] proposed a source selection strategy where nodes periodically exchange updates about their incremental content and where requesters select their source based on a multi-level area of interest (AOI). All of the beforehand mentioned techniques proposed 3D streaming supplying partner strategies for wired P2P networks.…”

“…All of the beforehand mentioned techniques proposed 3D streaming supplying partner strategies for wired P2P networks. These techniques [5], [6], [12] are based on a single supplying partner.…”

Group-Based Peer-to-Peer 3D Streaming Authentication

“…However, to generate digital signature for each piece is not practical because public key cryptosystem consumes a lot of computation power. Some efficient stream signing mechanisms [8], [12] are proposed to avoid generating digital signature for each piece. Below in this subsection, we introduce a protocol proposed in [8] using hash chains to achieve very low computation cost.…”