Selection of Surge Protective Devices for Low-Voltage Systems Connected to Overhead Line

Stress to surge protective devices system due to direct flashes to low voltage lines

“…The SPDs used have similar values of U p in the range of 1.5 kV. The supply line is represented by a typical lossy-line model taking into account traveling wave effects and current reflection [21][22][23][24]. The poles of overhead line and earthing arrangement are simulated according to the practice including their transient behavior [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Features of the Implementation of an Over/Under Voltage Relay on STM 32 Microcontrollers

“…For trouble-free operation of electronic devices, strict compliance with the requirements for the operating voltage range and the absence of impulse noise is necessary. Protection is provided by circuit solutions of electronic devices and special protection devices (relays), which turn off the power to electronics when the operating voltage exceeds the upper limit or the voltage drops below the lower limit, as well as when impulse noise is detected [1,2]. An example of an emergency load shutdown relay is MP-63 DigiTOP.…”

Early Streamer Emission Vs Conventional Lightning Protection Systems

“…Sparks could cause a fire, malfunctions of the electric and electronic equipment or injury of the people operating devices during the occurrence of atmospheric discharges. In addition to the potential equalization, a very important aspect of the internal lightning protection is application of the surge protection devices (SPD) [3].…”