Selection of raw-starch digestive glucoamylase-producing Rhizopus strain.

Elegado, Francisco B.; Fujio, Yusaku

doi:10.2323/jgam.39.541

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Elegado and Fujio have reported on GA [13] and polygalacturonase [14] production using 48 Rhizopus strains in a wheat bran solid culture. The wheat bran contained many natural organic nitrogen sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organic Nitrogen Sources on Raw Starch-Digesting Glucoamylase Production of Rhizopus sp. MKU 40

Morita¹,

Fujio

2000

Starch/Stärke

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In a liquid cultivation of Rhizopus sp. MKU 40, supplementation of the medium with 1.5% (w/v) organic nitrogen sources (neopeptone, casein from milk, and meat extract) had a slightly positive effect on glucoamylase (GA) (EC 3.2.1.3) activity compared with the medium lacking organic nitrogen sources. The addition of organic nitrogen sources induced production of protease. Supplementation of the medium with 1.5% (w/v) organic nitrogen sources resulted in an acid and neutral protease activity of 11 — 25 U/mL and 12 — 20 U/mL, respectively. The co‐existence of GA‐I [a highly raw starch‐digesting glucoamylase (RSDG)] and protease in the same medium leads to the production of Ga‐II (an extremely weak RSDG) from GA‐I. As a result the RSDG activity in the medium decreases. Raw starch adsorption rates of a medium without organic nitrogen sources were 100%, because the medium contained only GA‐I. In contrast, the media supplemented with organic nitrogen sources had low starch adsorption rates because the media contained both GA‐I and GA‐II. The results presented in this paper indicate that supplementation of the culture medium of Rhizopus strains with organic nitrogen sources negatively affects GA‐I production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organic Nitrogen Sources on Raw Starch-Digesting Glucoamylase Production of Rhizopus sp. MKU 40

Morita¹,

Fujio

2000

Starch/Stärke

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“…Solid cultivation was performed according to the method of Elegado and Fujio (1993). The solid medium consisted of 20 g wheat bran, 2 g cassava starch, and 20 ml tap water in a 500-ml Erlenmeyer flask stoppered with a cotton plug.…”

Section: Solid Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Ribonuclease production of Rhizopus oryzae IFO 4697 under metal ion stress in liquid culture

Morita¹,

Shiozawa

Fujio

2002

Mycoscience

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Rhizopus oryzae IFO 4697 was found to produce intracellular ribonuclease (RNase), and its growth and activity could be regulated under selected metal ion stress. The addition of Fe 2ϩ , Mg 2ϩ and Zn 2ϩ to the SLSR medium was essential to growth and RNase production. Ca 2ϩ and Mo 6ϩ stimulated RNase production. It is concluded that the addition of 100 mg/ml Ca 2ϩ , 5 mg/ml Mo 6ϩ , 0.7 mg/ml Zn 2ϩ , 2 mg/ml Fe 2ϩ , and 49 mg/ml Mg 2ϩ to the SLSR medium was the best condition for producing RNase in high specific activity (3780 U/mg protein). This result indicates that a metal ion-regulated liquid medium is an efficient culture method for RNase production.

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“…IFO series purchased from the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Japan. Other strains were isolated from tempeh starter, ragi, and traditional fermented foods in our laboratory (Elegado and Fujio, 1993).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid culture: Solid cultivation was performed according to the method of Elegado and Fujio (1993). The solid medium used consisted of 20 g of wheat bran, 2 g of cassava starch, and 20 ml of tap water in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask plugged with cotton.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the GA was purified about 5-fold with a 72.9% yield based on GA activity by using ammonium sulfate precipitation and successive column chromatography (Morita and Fujio, 1997). Although solid wheat bran medium is widely implemented for GA production by using Rhizopus strains (Elegado and Fujio, 1993), we concluded that GA production in the metal-ion-regulated liquid medium is superior to that of the wheat bran solid culture (Fujio and Morita, 1996). In this paper, we selected Rhizopus sp.…”

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A comparison of raw starch-digesting glucoamylase production in liquid and solid cultures of Rhizopus strains.

Morita

Matsunaga

Mizuno

et al. 1998

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Industrial enzyme production using a mold is usually carried out in a solid-state medium because a solid culture is superior to a liquid culture in terms of productivity. Alazard and Raimbault (1981) compared amylolytic enzyme production using Aspergillus niger in both liquid and solid cultures, and they concluded that the productivity of amylase in the solid culture was higher than in the liquid culture. Soccol et al. (1994) also showed some advantages of using a solid culture in comparison with a liquid culture for lactic acid and fumaric acid production. Pereira et al. (1993) compared pectinase production using Aspergillus niger in liquid and solid cultures and found that polygalacturonase and pectinesterase productivity is higher in a solid culture than in a liquid culture. However, the liquid culture is believed to allow easy control of culture conditions. Furthermore, the use of a liquid culture does not require that enzymes be extracted from a solid culture.In a previous paper, we attempted to control some specified metal-ion concentrations in a liquid medium and achieved a high level of glucoamylase (GA) production in a so-called metal-ion-regulated liquid medium. We achieved substantial results as the GA activity reached 710 m g-glucose/ml-enzyme solution/ min under 0.7 ppm of zinc ion, and a calcium ion concentration of 75 ppm (Fujio and Morita, 1996). We also characterized the GA properties from Rhizopus sp. A-11 and found that the GA showed a strong raw starchdigesting activity. The strain produced raw corn starch-digesting GA activity of 170 m g-glucose/ml-enzyme solution/min. Purification of the GA was very simple because of the high specific GA activity (based on GA activity) found in a liquid culture. As a result, the GA was purified about 5-fold with a 72.9% yield based on GA activity by using ammonium sulfate precipitation and successive column chromatography (Morita and Fujio, 1997). Although solid wheat bran medium is widely implemented for GA production by using Rhizopus strains (Elegado and Fujio, 1993), we concluded that GA production in the metal-ion-regulated liquid medium is superior to that of the wheat bran solid culture (Fujio and Morita, 1996). In this paper, we selected Rhizopus sp. A-11 for Maximum growth for Rhizopus sp. A-11 was obtained at a zinc ion concentration of 0.7 ppm in a liquid medium. Glucoamylase (GA, EC 3.2.1.3) production in Rhizopus sp. A-11 was maximized at 710 U/ml, at the presence of 75 ppm for calcium and 0.7 ppm of zinc ions in liquid medium. Zinc ion is known as an essential biometal for Rhizopus growth; however, growth was inhibited by the zinc ion concentration, not maximized. Although calcium ion was not necessary to Rhizopus growth, GA production using Rhizopus sp. A-11 was markedly stimulated by calcium ion concentration over 75 ppm in the liquid medium. The GA productivity of the present liquid culture was about 4.4 times higher than that of the solid state culture, based on the unit starch amount in the liquid and solid media carbon source. The charac...

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Selection of raw-starch digestive glucoamylase-producing Rhizopus strain.

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of Organic Nitrogen Sources on Raw Starch-Digesting Glucoamylase Production of Rhizopus sp. MKU 40

Effect of Organic Nitrogen Sources on Raw Starch-Digesting Glucoamylase Production of Rhizopus sp. MKU 40

Ribonuclease production of Rhizopus oryzae IFO 4697 under metal ion stress in liquid culture

A comparison of raw starch-digesting glucoamylase production in liquid and solid cultures of Rhizopus strains.

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