Selection of natural biomaterials for micro‐tissue and organ‐on‐chip models

Abstract

The desired organ in micro-tissue models of organ-on-a-chip (OoC) devices dictates the optimum biomaterials, divided into natural and synthetic biomaterials. They can resemble biological tissues' biological functions and architectures by constructing bioactivity of macromolecules, cells, nanoparticles, and other biological agents. The inclusion of such components in OoCs allows them having biological processes, such as basic biorecognition, enzymatic cleavage, and regulated drug release. In this report, we review natural-based biomaterials that are used in OoCs and their main characteristics. We address the preparation, modification, and characterization methods of natural-based biomaterials and summarize recent reports on their applications in the design and fabrication of micro-tissue models. This article will help bioengineers select the proper biomaterials based on developing new technologies to meet clinical expectations and improve patient outcomes fusing disease modeling.hydrogels, micro-tissue, natural biopolymers, organ-on-a-chip | INTRODUCTIONEngineered micro-tissue models have been used to resemble extracellular matrix (ECM) and natural tissues, with intensive applications ranging from drug injection to sample separation and detection on a single platform. 1 These models can be added to organs-on-chips (OoCs) to precisely monitor cell media across microchannels ranging in size from tens to hundreds of microns. 2 The microchannel has a Berivan Cecen and Ayca Bal-Ozturk contributed equally.

Synergies in antimicrobial treatment by a levofloxacin-loaded halloysite and gold nanoparticles with a conjugation to a cell-penetrating peptide

“…In the field of advanced drug delivery, utilization of the natural-based micro and nanomaterials for encapsulation of the target drug has prospered due to the brilliant excellences, as follows; showing more structural stability than the artificial species like metal-organic frameworks, [1][2][3] having high levels of biodegradability and compatibility, 4,5 capability to combine with the organic and inorganic materials, 6,7 sensitivity to the external stimuli such as heat and pH. 8,9 Moreover, the surface of this type of materials can be chemically modified and functionalized for further conjugations. [10][11][12] In the broad spectrum of naturalbased materials, clay-based nanostructures such as montmorillonite, bentonite, perlite, and other silicate materials have shown a substantial potential to be exploited in different applications.…”

A long-term storable gel-laden chip composite built in a multi-well plate enabling in situ cell encapsulation for high-throughput liver model

“…Hydrogels are widely used materials for threedimensional (3D) in vitro cell culture models because they provide structural support and a supportive environment to recapitulate the physicochemical cues of natural extracellular matrix (ECM), which regulates various cellular functions [1][2][3]. Different types of hydrogels, such as synthetic materials [4][5][6][7], naturally derived ECM [8][9][10][11], or their combination [12,13], have been engineered and fabricated using various techniques for desirable biochemical and physical properties [14,15].…”

Scalable Generation of Pre‐Vascularized and Functional Human Beige Adipose Organoids

“…[30] Photopolymerizable gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels (GelMA) have been increasingly used for tissue engineering applications to define microenvironments that are hard to achieve with other naturally derived hydrogels such as Matrigel. [29,31,32] Here we develop a straightforward, multiscale approach promoting the 3D self-organization of spheroids into prevascularized human beige adipose organoids. Contrary to classic bottom-up engineering approaches which aim to generate building blocks followed by their ultimate assembly, [33,34] we developed a scalable guided-assembly strategy of spheroids.…”

“…[ 28 ] Their porous structure provides both physical support for cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration as well as molecular diffusion properties close to the native extracellular matrix. [ 29 ] Hydrogels open the way toward robust, scalable processes for 3D structuration using bioprinting technology. [ 30 ] Photopolymerizable gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels (GelMA) have been increasingly used for tissue engineering applications to define microenvironments that are hard to achieve with other naturally derived hydrogels such as Matrigel.…”