Selection of Lentil (Lens Culinaris (Medik.)) Genotypes Suitable for High-Temperature Conditions Based on Stress Tolerance Indices and Principal Component Analysis

Abstract

Legumes, including lentil, are a valuable source of carbohydrates, fiber, protein and vitamins and minerals. Their nutritional characteristics have been associated with a reduction in the incidence of various cancers, HDL cholesterol, type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Among these quality parameters, lectins have been associated with reducing certain forms of cancer, activating innate defense mechanisms and managing obesity. Protease inhibitors such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors have been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of certain cancers and demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory properties. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor has been associated with a reduction in hypertension. Therefore, legumes, including lentils, should be part of our daily food intake. However, high temperatures at the terminal stage is a major abiotic constraint leading to a reduction in lentil yield and seed quality. Thus, the selection of heat-tolerant genotypes is essential to identifying the potential for high yields with stable performance. To select lentil genotypes, an experiment was conducted with 60 genotypes including local landraces, advanced breeding lines, commercial varieties and exotic germplasm under stress and non-stress conditions from 2019 to 2020. This study was followed by a subset study involving screening based on a few physicochemical parameters and reproductive traits along with field performances. Different tolerance indices (i.e., stress susceptible index (SSI), relative heat index (RHI), tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), heat-resistance index (HRI), modified stress-tolerance index (MSTI), abiotic tolerance index (ATI) and stress susceptibility percentage (SSPI)) were used for the selection of the genotypes along with field performance. Biplot analysis was further performed for choosing the most suitable indices. Based on principal components analysis, the GMP, MP, RRI, STI, YI, YSI, ATI and MSTI indices were identified as the most reliable stress indicators, and these indicators might be used for distinguishing heat-tolerant genotypes. Based on the stress indices, the genotypes BLX 05002-3, BLX 10002-20, LRIL-21-1-1-1-1, LRIL-21-1-1-1-1-6 and BLX 09015 were selected as the most stable and heat-tolerant genotypes. In contrast, the genotypes LG 198, Bagura Local, BLX 0200-08-4, RL-12-178, Maitree, 91517 and BLX 11014-8 were selected as the most heat sensitive. Data also exhibited an average yield reduction of 59% due to heat stress on the lentils. Moreover, eight heat-tolerant (HT) genotypes (BLX 09015, PRECOZ, LRL-21-112-1-1-1-1-6, BLX 05002-3, LR-9-25, BLX 05002-6, BARI Masur-8 and RL-12-181), and two heat-susceptible (HS) genotypes (BLX 12009-6, and LG 198) were selected from the screened genotypes and subjected to further analysis by growing them in the following year under similar conditions to investigate the mechanisms associated with heat tolerance. Comparative studies on reproductive function and physiochemical traits revealed significantly higher pollen viability, proline accumulation, relative water content, chlorophyll concentration and a lower membrane stability index in HT genotypes under heat stress. Therefore, these heat-tolerant genotypes could be used as the parents in the hybridization program for achieving heat-tolerant transgressive segregation.

Agronomic Performances and Seed Yield Components of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) Germplasm in a Semi-Arid Environment

“…Further studies will be required on the best performing accessions identified in this first screening in the test area, considering the interaction between genotype and environment. Other authors have already provided findings under high-temperature conditions using stress tolerance indices [31] or focusing on production stability and quality traits specifically in Southern Italy [77]. In this research context, it will therefore be appropriate to further evaluate abiotic stress phenomena and their influence in order to identify the most suitable genotypes in this particular environment.…”

“…Several traits related to grain yield and protein content have been indicated as relevant aspects for the selection of genotypes for breeding improvement [28]. The generation of hybrids through crosses using commercial varieties and crosses between accessions could be an alternative practice to conventional breeding methods for boosting seed yields [29] as well as for increasing resistance to abiotic and biotic stress [30,31].…”

Overviewing Drought and Heat Stress Amelioration—From Plant Responses to Microbe-Mediated Mitigation

“…The in-depth study of plant-microbe interaction has become even more pertinent because abiotic stresses have raised interest in developing microbe-based stress mitigation strategies [25][26][27]. The abiotic stresses, especially drought stress (DS) and high temperature stress (HS), have caused serious losses to the productivity of farming systems [28][29][30][31][32], which necessitates research efforts in order to devise plant-microbe-interaction-based strategies. Figure 1 elucidates different types of abiotic stresses (e.g., heat, drought, salinity, water logging, heavy metals toxicity), especially drought-induced alterations in crop plants (e.g., plasma membrane deterioration, impaired photosynthesis, transpiration losses) and in microbes (Psychrophilic microbes population decreases under elevated temperatures, in contrast to Psychrotrophic microbes).…”