Selection of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Vaccine Escape Mutants in HBV-Infected and HBV/HIV-Coinfected Patients Failing Antiretroviral Drugs With Anti-HBV Activity

Sheldon, Julie; Ramos, Belén; García‐Samaniego, J.; Ríos, Pilar; Bartholomeusz, Angeline; Romero, Míriam; Locarnini, Stephen; Zoulim, Fabien; Soriano, Vincent

doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e318154bd89

Cited by 58 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Hepatitis B virus has a number of effective therapeutic agents, although determinants of viral control and resistance are poorly understood. Genetic diversity is substantial, but the relationships between genetic diversity, population size, and emergence of resistance have not been extensively investigated (55,56). Therapy for hepatitis C has expanded with additional targets and therapeutic agents; cure rates have improved, but the virologic correlates of eradication are incompletely understood.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Populations Are Large and Accumulate High Genetic Diversity in a Nonlinear Fashion

Maldarelli

Kearney

Palmer

et al. 2013

J Virol

115

118

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HIV infection is characterized by rapid and error-prone viral replication resulting in genetically diverse virus populations. The rate of accumulation of diversity and the mechanisms involved are under intense study to provide useful information to understand immune evasion and the development of drug resistance. To characterize the development of viral diversity after infection, we carried out an in-depth analysis of single genome sequences of HIV pro-pol to assess diversity and divergence and to estimate replicating population sizes in a group of treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals sampled at single (n ‫؍‬ 22) or multiple, longitudinal (n ‫؍‬ 11) time points. Analysis of single genome sequences revealed nonlinear accumulation of sequence diversity during the course of infection. Diversity accumulated in recently infected individuals at rates 30-fold higher than in patients with chronic infection. Accumulation of synonymous changes accounted for most of the diversity during chronic infection. Accumulation of diversity resulted in population shifts, but the rates of change were low relative to estimated replication cycle times, consistent with relatively large population sizes. Analysis of changes in allele frequencies revealed effective population sizes that are substantially higher than previous estimates of approximately 1,000 infectious particles/infected individual. Taken together, these observations indicate that HIV populations are large, diverse, and slow to change in chronic infection and that the emergence of new mutations, including drug resistance mutations, is governed by both selection forces and drift.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV Populations Are Large and Accumulate High Genetic Diversity in a Nonlinear Fashion

Maldarelli

Kearney

Palmer

et al. 2013

J Virol

115

118

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“…For example, genotype A-1 (common in north-western Europe and North America) more frequently develops surface protein changes with lamivudine therapy than genotype D-1 (concentrated in Mediterranean countries but distributed globally). 42 The viral genotype also influences how frequently infected individuals develop antibodies to the hepatitis B "e" antigen (HBeAg). During the natural history of chronic hepatitis B, persons infected with genotype D-1 are more likely to become HBeAg-negative than those infected with genotype A-1.…”

Section: Public Health Risk Of Escape Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global control of hepatitis B virus: does treatment-induced antigenic change affect immunization?

Clements¹,

Coghlan²,

Creati³

et al. 2010

Bull World Health Org

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Since its widespread introduction, the hepatitis B vaccine has become an essential part of infant immunization programmes globally. The vaccine has been particularly important for countries where the incidence of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma is high. Effective treatment options for individuals with chronic hepatitis B infection were limited until 1998 when lamivudine, the first nucleoside analogue drug, was introduced. As a single treatment agent, however, lamivudine has a significant drawback: it induces lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus strains that may pose a risk to the global hepatitis B immunization programme. Mutations associated with drug treatment can cause changes to the surface antigen protein, the precise part of the virus that the hepatitis B vaccine mimics. However, the emergence of antiviral drug-associated potential vaccine escape mutants (ADAP-VEMs) in treated patients does not necessarily pose a significant, imminent threat to the global hepatitis B immunization programme. Nonetheless, there is already evidence that current treatment regimens have resulted in the selection of stable ADAPVEMs. Treatment is currently intended to prevent the long-term complications of hepatitis B virus infection, with little consideration given to potential adverse public health impacts. To address individual and public health concerns, trials are urgently needed to find the optimal combination of existing drugs that are effective but do not induce the emergence of ADAP-VEMs. This paper examines the mechanism of antiviral drug-selected changes in the portion of the viral genome that also affects the surface antigen, and explores their potential impact on current hepatitis B immunization programmes.Une traduction en français de ce résumé figure à la fin de l'article. Al final del artículo se facilita una traducción al español. ‫املقالة.‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫الكامل‬ ‫النص‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الخالصة‬ ‫لهذه‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الرتجمة‬

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“…Las PMEADAVs más reportadas son: rtM204V/sI195M, rtM204I/sW196S, rtM204I/sW196L, rtV173L/sE164D, rtA181T/sW172*, codón de parada, rtA181T/sW172L, y rtA181V/sL173F. Estas mutaciones son características en pacientes con infección por hepatitis B crónica y se dan tanto en inmunizados como no inmunizados [55][56] . Se ha reportado que la triple mutación rtV173L/sE164D, rtL180M, rtM204V/sI195M reduce la unión del HBsAg a los anti-HBs en un nivel similar a la mutación dominante G145R (Figura 2) 56-57 .…”

Section: W156cunclassified

Variantes de escape del virus de la hepatitis B

Jaramillo

Navas

2015

Rev. chil. infectol.

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Selection of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Vaccine Escape Mutants in HBV-Infected and HBV/HIV-Coinfected Patients Failing Antiretroviral Drugs With Anti-HBV Activity

Cited by 58 publications

References 14 publications

HIV Populations Are Large and Accumulate High Genetic Diversity in a Nonlinear Fashion

HIV Populations Are Large and Accumulate High Genetic Diversity in a Nonlinear Fashion

Global control of hepatitis B virus: does treatment-induced antigenic change affect immunization?

Variantes de escape del virus de la hepatitis B

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