Selection of cows for treatment at dry-off on organic dairy farms

Kiesner, Klemens Rochus; Wente, Nicole; Volling, Otto; Krömker, Volker

doi:10.1017/s0022029916000662

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the California mastitis test (CMT) at dry‐off and the CM history of the cow are mentioned as selection tools (Sanford et al., ; Torres et al., ). Decision schemes with similar outcomes compared to bacteriology as a key indicator for IMI at dry‐off were shown based on SCC from DHI data combined with CMT testing (Kiesner, Wente, Volling, & Krömker, ).…”

Section: Improving Cure Rates In the Dry Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mastitis treatment—Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows

Krömker¹,

Leimbach²

2017

Reprod Domestic Animals

196

161

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Contents Animal‐friendly, economical, resource‐saving milk production provides the basis for sustained consumer acceptance. Bovine mastitis plays a decisive role in the dairy industry—disturbing animal health and welfare and causing considerable economic losses on the other hand. Currently, antimicrobial treatment is indispensable to keep bovine udder health, animal welfare and economic aspects in balance. On the contrary, emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent matter of particular public interest, and as a consequence, antimicrobial usage (AMU) in production livestock is a critically discussed subject. In urgent need of future reduction in AMU in the dairy industry, this review article describes and discusses possible approaches promising prompt implementation, including therapeutical alternatives as well as pro‐ and metaphylactic concepts such as the implementation of evidence‐based mastitis therapy concepts and selective dry cow treatment (sDCT), in search of the most effective and contemporary methods for decreasing AMU and AMR in dairy production.

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Section: Improving Cure Rates In the Dry Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mastitis treatment—Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows

Krömker¹,

Leimbach²

2017

Reprod Domestic Animals

196

161

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“…With SDCT, only those cows most likely to have an IMI at dry-off are treated with intramammary antimicrobials. Several cow level variables such as SCC, bacteriologi-cal culture, and clinical mastitis history are considered when selecting cows likely to have an IMI at dry-off (Torres et al, 2008;Cameron et al, 2015;Kiesner et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of reduced intramammary antimicrobial use during the dry period on udder health in Dutch dairy herds

Vanhoudt

Hees-Huijps²,

Knegsel

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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Dry cow therapy (DCT) in the Netherlands changed from mainly blanket to selective antimicrobial DCT. This transition was supported by a national guideline, with the individual somatic cell count (SCC) at the last milk recording before dry-off as the main selection criterion for antimicrobial DCT. The aim of this retrospective observational study is to evaluate the SCC dynamics during the dry period at the herd and individual dry period level following the national transition from mainly blanket to selective antimicrobial DCT. At the herd level, we used 2 data sets to evaluate the SCC dynamics during the dry period: (1) a national data set containing 3,493 herds with data available from 2011 through 2015 and (2) a veterinary practice data set containing 280 herds with data available from 2013 through 2015. The herd level analysis was carried out using key performance indicators provided via milk recording (CRV, Arnhem, the Netherlands): the percentage of cows that developed a new intramammary infection (IMI) during the dry period and the percentage of cows cured of an IMI during the dry period. The effect of DCT at individual dry period level was analyzed with a mixed-effects logistic regression model based on 4,404 dry periods from 2,638 cows in 20 herds within the veterinary practice data set. For these 20 herds, individual SCC data from milk recordings and individual cow DCT were available from 2013 through 2015. No significant changes were observed to the SCC dynamics during the dry period at the herd level. The percentage of cows that developed a new IMI during the dry period ranged between 16 and 18%, and the percentage of cows cured from an IMI during the dry period ranged between 74 and 76%. At the individual dry period level, a low SCC at the first milk recording following a dry period was associated with the use of intramammary antimicrobial DCT with or without the concurrent use of an intramammary teat sealer [odds ratio (OR) = 2.16 and OR = 2.07, respectively], the use of DCT with an intramammary teat sealer only (OR = 1.35), and a low SCC at the last milk recording before dry-off (OR = 1.78). This study demonstrates that the selection of cows for DCT without antimicrobials based on SCC thresholds at the last milk recording is possible without significant changes to udder health and reduced the use of antimicrobials.

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“…Antibiotic treatment at DO seemed to be very effective because high cure rates were achieved, being consistently above 85%. However, we did not compare AB efficacy to a negative control (no treatment), but compared combined use with a teat sealant to a teat sealant alone which tends to overestimate AB cure rates, likely explaining the high major pathogen apparent cure rates being consistently above 85%, as was also reported in earlier studies (Bradley et al, 2010;Kiesner et al, 2016;Vasquez et al, 2018). In the low SCC cow category at DO, where cow level treatment did not receive any AB at all, apparent self-cure rates were approaching 100%, meaning new infection accounts for the majority of infections present at calving.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Randomized controlled field trial comparing quarter and cow level selective dry cow treatment using the California Mastitis Test

Swinkels

Leach²,

Breen

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Science

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Selective use of antibiotic dry cow treatment can be implemented at the cow or quarter level, with the latter having the potential to further reduce antibiotic use. Our objective was to compare these 2 approaches in 6 herds in the United Kingdom in which environmental mastitis predominated. Eight hundred seven cows were enrolled and categorized as having a high cell count (n = 401) or low cell count (n = 406) in the last 3 mo of lactation and clinical mastitis history. All quarters of all enrolled cows received an internal teat sealant. Within each category, cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups; in one group antibiotic treatment was allocated at cow level (i.e., all 4 quarters received antibiotic), whereas in the 2 remaining groups antibiotic treatment was allocated at quarter level, based on California Mastitis Test (CMT) findings. Two different thresholds, score 1 and 2, were used to determine likely infection status. Quarter milk samples were collected at dry off and postcalving for bacteriological culture and somatic cell count (SCC). Cows were monitored for clinical mastitis from dry off until 100 d in milk. Cow level SCC and milk yield data were collated from farm records. Within each category, the 2 quarter level treatment groups were compared with cow level treatment at dry off. Leaving quarters untreated with intramammary antibiotic in cows in the high cell count group, with a CMT <2 or <1, reduced antibiotic use by 55% and 31%, respectively, and resulted in no difference in the odds of being infected with any pathogen postcalving, but was associated with a higher SCC at the first test day. Intramammary antibiotic treatment of quarters with a CMT ≥1 in cows in the low cell count category at dry off was not associated with any reduction in the odds of being infected with a major pathogen postcalving but was associated with a decrease in the odds of being infected with a minor mastitis pathogen postcalving.The use of antibiotics in quarters of cows categorized as low cell count at dry off, increased the proportion of quarters treated with antibiotic from 0% at cow level to 31% (CMT ≥ 1) and 12% (CMT ≥ 2) at quarter level, only resulting in a reduction in SCC of around 20,000 cells/mL at the first test day, if all quarters with CMT score ≥1 were treated with antibiotic. No differences in clinical mastitis incidence and milk yield in the first 100 d in milk were detected between any of the treatment groups. These study findings support selective quarter level dry off treatment only in cows with cow level SCC >200,000 cells/mL at dry off.

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Selection of cows for treatment at dry-off on organic dairy farms

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Mastitis treatment—Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows

Mastitis treatment—Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows

Effects of reduced intramammary antimicrobial use during the dry period on udder health in Dutch dairy herds

Randomized controlled field trial comparing quarter and cow level selective dry cow treatment using the California Mastitis Test

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