Selection of blowing agent for metal foam production: A review

Bisht, Ankur; Gangil, Brijesh; Patel, Vinay Kumar

doi:10.55713/jmmm.v30i1.597

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In these systems, AlSi 6 Cu 4 , AlSi 6 Cu 6 , and AlSi 8 Mg 4 are more commonly used [79]. FAs mainly include TiH 2 [77], CaCO 3 [89], ZrH 2 [90], Mg-Al alloy powders [91], LiAlH 4 [92], etc. TiH 2 has the best foaming result.…”

Section: Powder Metallurgy Foaming Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foams: A Review

Fu,

2024

Materials

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Closed-cell aluminum foams have many excellent properties, such as low density, high specific strength, great energy absorption, good sound absorption, electromagnetic shielding, heat and flame insulation, etc. As a new kind of material, closed-cell aluminum foams have been used in lightweight structures, traffic collision protections, sound absorption walls, building decorations, and many other places. In this paper, the recent progress of closed-cell aluminum foams, on fabrication techniques, including the melt foaming method, gas injection foaming method, and powder metallurgy foaming method, and on processing techniques, including powder metallurgy foaming process, two-step foaming process, cast foaming process, gas injection foaming process, mold pressing process, and integral foaming process, are summarized. Properties and applications of closed-cell aluminum foams are discussed based on the mechanical properties and physical properties separately. Special focuses are made on the newly developed cast-forming process for complex 3D parts and the improvement of mechanical properties by the development of small pore size foam fabrication and modification of cell wall microstructures.

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Section: Powder Metallurgy Foaming Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foams: A Review

Fu,

2024

Materials

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“…Figure illustrates the schematic of foam production using the blowing agent method (the powder metallurgy route). Equations and represent the general decomposition chemical reaction equations of hydrides and carbonates respectively: normalX normalH normal2 → normalX false( normals false) + normalH normal2 [ g ] (hydrogen gas used as blowing gas in metallic foam fabrication) normalX normalCO normal3 → normalXO false( normals false) + normalCO normal2 [ g ] (CO 2 gas used as blowing gas in metallic foam fabrication). , …”

Section: Classification Of Metallic Foam Production and Processing Te...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure illustrates the schematic of foam production using the blowing agent method (the powder metallurgy route). Equations and represent the general decomposition chemical reaction equations of hydrides and carbonates respectively: (hydrogen gas used as blowing gas in metallic foam fabrication) (CO 2 gas used as blowing gas in metallic foam fabrication). , …”

Section: Classification Of Metallic Foam Production and Processing Te...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Different Manufacturing Methods of Metallic Foams

Hassan,

Alnaser

2024

ACS Omega

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Metallic foam is a popular topic due to its diverse industrial applications and unique combination of properties. Metallic foam is significantly lighter than nonfoam metal materials due to its porous structure, which incorporates a substantial amount of air or voids. This lower density makes metallic foam advantageous in applications in which weight reduction is critical. This makes it ideal for the aerospace, automotive, and construction industries; also, its versatile nature continues to make it an attractive material for various industrial applications such as impact absorbers, heat exchangers, and biomedical and marine engineering. However, the choice between metallic foam and nonfoam metal also depends on other factors like mechanical properties, cost, and specific application requirements. This review describes various fabrication methods of metallic foam that include the liquid metallurgy route which uses liquid or semiliquid metal, the powder metallurgy route uses metal in powder form, metal ion, and the metal vapor route which uses electrolytic deposition method to produce metallic foam. These methods include direct gas injection, adding blowing agents in solid or liquid metals, investment casting, the addition of a space holder in the precursor, metallic ion, vapor deposition on a polymer sponge, and many more. The morphology of metallic foam depends upon the method that is chosen for fabrication, and up to 98% porosity can be achieved by these methods. Additive manufacturing for metallic foam fabrication is an emerging field based on selective laser melting and electron beam melting principles. It has exceptional possibilities for generating complicated 3D shapes and customizing the material characteristics. The main purpose of this review article is to give significant insights into the various production procedures for metallic foams to researchers, engineers, and industry experts, assisting in the selection of acceptable methods depending on individual application needs. This review investigates the manufacturing conditions for metallic foams and finally discusses their advantages, drawbacks, and obstacles in mass production. The findings add to current efforts to expand metallic foam technology and encourage its wider application across diverse sectors, opening the path for future research and development.

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“…Foaming agents in the form of powders can be used for metal precursors (green compacts) foaming and for melt foaming. These agents decompose into solid and gaseous phases at elevated temperatures [14]. At temperatures at which metal is in a liquid or semi-solid state, the gas remains trapped inside the metal, and with fast enough solidification, a metallic foam is formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Foaming Agents on the Thermal Behavior of Aluminum Precursors

Rodinger,

Ćorić,

Kováčik

2024

Materials

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Various foaming agents can be used to achieve foaming of the precursors obtained by using the powder metallurgy method. However, the thermal behavior of pure aluminum precursors with different foaming agents has been studied very little in recent times. For the production of aluminum foams with closed cells, 1 wt.% of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), titanium hydride (TiH2), heat-treated TiH2 and zirconium hydride (ZrH2) were used. The foaming capability of the compacted precursors was investigated at temperatures 700, 720 and 750 °C. CaCO3 and TiH2 showed the best foamability at all considered temperatures, while ZrH2 achieved relatively good foaming only at the highest temperature, 750 °C. Due to their low onset temperature of the decomposition compared to the melting point of the unalloyed aluminum, in hydride-based foaming agents the drainage occurred at the bottom part of the foam samples. Among the investigated foaming agents, precursors with heat-treated TiH2 had the worst foaming properties, while CaCO3 showed the best foamability without the occurrence of drainage.

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Selection of blowing agent for metal foam production: A review

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

Fabrication, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foams: A Review

Fabrication, Processing, Properties, and Applications of Closed-Cell Aluminum Foams: A Review

A Review of Different Manufacturing Methods of Metallic Foams

The Effect of Foaming Agents on the Thermal Behavior of Aluminum Precursors

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