Selection Induced Genetic Variation

Eitan, Y.; Soller, M.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0443-4_9

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A striking phenomenon that appeared from these experimental breeding programs and from the commercial breeding programs is the non-exhausting genetic variation for these traits. This phenomenon, recently coined by Eitan & Soller (2004) as the "Selection Induced Genetic Variation" (SIGV), was especially evident in the long-term divergent selection for BW initiated in 1957 (Dunnington & Siegel 1996, Carlborg et al 2006 as well as in the long-term commercial selection of broiler chickens. Recent quantitative trait loci analysis has identified four interacting loci comprising of more than 800 F2 bird progeny of reciprocal intercross between the long tern-selected lines with high and low BW (Jacobsson et al 2005, Park et al 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The melanocortin circuit in obese and lean strains of chicks

Hen

Yosefi

Simchaev

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

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Agonists of membranal melanocortin 3 and 4 receptors (MC3/4Rs) are known to take part in the complex control mechanism of energy balance. In this study, we compared the physiological response to an exogenous MC3/4R agonist and the hypothalamic expression of proopic melanocortin (POMC) gene, encoding few MC3/4R ligands, between broiler and layer chicken strains. These strains, representing the two most prominent commercial strains of chickens grown for meat (broilers) and egg production (layers), differ in their food intake, fat accumulation, and reproductive performance and, therefore, form a good model of obese and lean phenotypes, respectively. A single i.v. injection of the synthetic peptide melanotan-II (MT-II; 1 mg/kg body weight) into the wing vein of feed-restricted birds led to attenuation of food intake upon exposure to feeding ad libitum in both broiler and layer chickens. A study of the POMC mRNA encoding the two prominent natural MC3/4R agonists, a-MSH and ACTH, also revealed a general similarity between the strains. Under feeding conditions ad libitum, POMC mRNA levels were highly similar in chicks of both strains and this level was significantly reduced upon feed restriction. However, POMC mRNA down-regulation upon feed restriction was more pronounced in layers than in broilers. These results suggest: (i) a role for MC3/4R agonists in the control of appetite; (ii) that the physiological differences between broilers and layers are not related to unresponsiveness of broiler chickens to the satiety signal of MC3/4R ligands. Therefore, these findings suggest that artificial activation of this circuit in broiler chicks could help to accommodate with their agricultural shortcomings of overeating, fattening, and impaired reproduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The melanocortin circuit in obese and lean strains of chicks

Hen

Yosefi

Simchaev

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Dudley (1977) proposed that the presence of large numbers of loci with low frequency of favorable alleles in the original population could account for the progress observed. Goodnight (2004) and Eitan and Soller (2004) suggested epistasis as an important factor. Eitan and Soller (2004) also suggested changes in environment had a major influence on continued response in a selection experiment in chickens.…”

Section: Explanation Of Long‐term Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goodnight (2004) and Eitan and Soller (2004) suggested epistasis as an important factor. Eitan and Soller (2004) also suggested changes in environment had a major influence on continued response in a selection experiment in chickens. Walsh (2004) suggested mutation was necessary to explain the results.…”

Section: Explanation Of Long‐term Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus Goodnight (2004) proposed epistasis must be considered as a possible cause of long‐continued selection response in the Illinois long‐term selection experiment. Eitan and Soller (2004) presented the same concept and called it selection induced genetic variation They argued that many QTL exhibit epistatic interactions with other QTL or with genetic background. Because selection changes gene frequency at many loci, the genetic background changes.…”

Section: Explanation Of Long‐term Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eitan and Soller (2004) suggested negative heterosis in the cross of a selected population to the original population or an earlier version of the population would provide evidence of the presence of additive × additive epistasis. Crosses of IHO × ILO, IHO × RLO, SHO × ILO, SHO × RLO, and RHO × ILO all showed significant negative heterosis for oil (Table 7; Dudley et al, 1977).…”

Section: Explanation Of Long‐term Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

From Means to QTL: The Illinois Long‐Term Selection Experiment as a Case Study in Quantitative Genetics

Dudley

2007

Crop Science

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Divergent selection for oil and protein concentration in the corn (Zea mays L.) kernel was initiated at the University of Illinois in 1896 by C.G. Hopkins. In 2005, 106 generations of selection had been completed for high oil and 105 for high protein. Limits to selection for low oil and low protein were reached but not for high oil or high protein. Over the more than 100 yr of the existence of the program a number of attempts have been made to analyze the experiment using quantitative genetic tools. The purpose of this paper is to trace the use of quantitative genetic techniques to analyze the results of divergent long‐term selection for oil and protein, to relate results to the question of the need for divergent parents for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, and to provide a new look at the reasons for long‐continued progress from selection. Key findings include (i) progress from selection was much greater than could have been predicted; (ii) based on both classical quantitative genetic analysis and QTL studies, a large number of QTL are involved in control of the three traits; (iii) the number of QTL identified in a given study cannot be predicted by the magnitude of genetic variance or the divergence of the parents but is a function of the number of markers used and the number of lines evaluated; and (iv) epistasis may be an important factor in explaining long‐term response to selection.

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Dissecting Epistatic QTL for Blood Pressure in Rats: Congenic Strains versus Heterogeneous Stocks, a Reality Check

Rapp

Joe

2019

Comprehensive Physiology

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Selection Induced Genetic Variation

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

The melanocortin circuit in obese and lean strains of chicks

The melanocortin circuit in obese and lean strains of chicks

From Means to QTL: The Illinois Long‐Term Selection Experiment as a Case Study in Quantitative Genetics

Dissecting Epistatic QTL for Blood Pressure in Rats: Congenic Strains versus Heterogeneous Stocks, a Reality Check

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