“…Most of these studies have focused upon the effect of larval density on eggadult viability, showing that, generally, larval crowding produces an important decrease on viability (Sang, 1949;Birch, 1955;Bakker, 1961;Bentvelzen, 1963;Lewontin and Matsuo, 1963;Barker, 1973; Barker and Podger, 1970a, b). It has also been shown that larval crowding acts to reduce adult body size and female fecundity (Alpatov, 1932;Pearl, 1932).…”