Selection for Vulnerability to Angling in Largemouth Bass

Philipp, David P.; Cooke, Steven J.; Claussen, Julie E.; Koppelman, Jeffrey B.; Suski, Cory D.; Burkett, Dale P.

doi:10.1577/t06-243.1

Cited by 151 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…That is, negative effects of this fisheries-induced evolution on population-level recruitment in the wild would be expected to be strongest in environments with abundant food resources (i.e., where LV are benefiting less from their lower metabolic rate), with short spawning seasons (i.e., where the opportunity to respawn after brood loss is limited, e.g., in northern latitudes), and with overall high egg predation potential (i.e., where the added wariness/timidity of LV-like fish would result in a greater reduction in fitness due to increased brood predation). In addition, fisheries-induced evolution to LVlike genotypes would almost certainly be accompanied by a concomitant decline in catchability on a population-level scale (18), a scenario that would be undesirable for recreational anglers that value catch rates (38).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a trait that renders individuals more vulnerable to capture likely also varies across different taxa and/or fisheries. In some fisheries, such as recreational angling, selection seems to operate on angling vulnerability as a complex, heritable trait composed of a range of covarying physiological, behavioral, and life history traits (17,18), rather than body size per se. In the popular recreational fish species largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), for example, it has been shown that fish with higher vulnerability to angling also exhibit higher metabolic rates and more intensive parental care (19)(20)(21).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between reproductive fitness and vulnerability to angling, using as a model system male largemouth bass from two experimental lines selected over three generations for differences in their vulnerability to angling (18). Because angling should selectively target those largemouth bass males that are the most aggressive nest defenders and therefore the more likely to attack angling lures [i.e., males from the line of highly vulnerable (HV) fish], we postulated that under identical ecological conditions these HV males should demonstrate higher levels of reproductive success than the less vulnerable (LV) males.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Recreational fishing selectively captures individuals with the highest fitness potential

Sutter

Suski

Philipp

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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141

164

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Fisheries-induced evolution and its impact on the productivity of exploited fish stocks remains a highly contested research topic in applied fish evolution and fisheries science. Although many quantitative models assume that larger, more fecund fish are preferentially removed by fishing, there is no empirical evidence describing the relationship between vulnerability to capture and individual reproductive fitness in the wild. Using males from two lines of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) selectively bred over three generations for either high (HV) or low (LV) vulnerability to angling as a model system, we show that the trait "vulnerability to angling" positively correlates with aggression, intensity of parental care, and reproductive fitness. The difference in reproductive fitness between HV and LV fish was particularly evident among larger males, which are also the preferred mating partners of females. Our study constitutes experimental evidence that recreational angling selectively captures individuals with the highest potential for reproductive fitness. Our study further suggests that selective removal of the fittest individuals likely occurs in many fisheries that target species engaged in parental care. As a result, depending on the ecological context, angling-induced selection may have negative consequences for recruitment within wild populations of largemouth bass and possibly other exploited species in which behavioral patterns that determine fitness, such as aggression or parental care, also affect their vulnerability to fishing gear.ize-selective fishing, or even just an elevated level of fishing mortality, has the potential to induce rapid evolutionary change in a range of production-related traits in fish populations (1, 2). Theoretically predicted and empirically supported fisheriesinduced adaptive change involves the modification of life history traits, including reductions in age-and size-at-maturation, increases in reproductive investment, and changes in pre-and/or postmaturation growth rates (1-3). Changes in life history traits in response to fishing often collectively reduce adult size-at-age and fisheries yield and result in fish populations that only slowly rebound from overexploited states (4-7). There is little consensus, however, concerning the prevalence of fisheries-induced evolution and its relevance to management (1,(8)(9)(10). Perspectives range from calls for "evolutionarily enlightened management" (11) to positions that argue that evolutionary change induced by fishing is slow, thereby rendering it largely unimportant to fisheries management (9).One important tool to predict long-term population-level consequences of fisheries-induced evolution involves the construction and analysis of individual-based models (5, 12) or more simplified stage or age/size-structured (7) population models. Suitable models to study the potential for fisheries-induced evolution include ecological feedbacks resulting in density-and frequencydependent selection that shapes fitness landscapes and ev...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recreational fishing selectively captures individuals with the highest fitness potential

Sutter

Suski

Philipp

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

141

164

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“…Additional work is needed to examine the extent to which group size may be altered via under direct or indirect selection on sociability by trap fisheries, potentially generating an evolutionary shift toward less social fish. The present study contributes to the growing body of evidence suggesting that both behavior and physiology are important aspects FIE (Alós et al., 2016; Biro & Sampson, 2015; Philipp et al., 2009). More information is still needed to answer whether, and to what level, the harvest of fish in the wild can lead to persistent behavioral and physiological change over generations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shoal size as a key determinant of vulnerability to capture under a simulated fishery scenario

Thambithurai

Hollins

Leeuwen

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Group living is widespread among animals and has a range of positive effects on individual foraging and predator avoidance. For fishes, capture by humans constitutes a major source of mortality, and the ecological effects of group living could carry‐over to harvest scenarios if fish are more likely to interact with fishing gears when in social groups. Furthermore, individual metabolic rate can affect both foraging requirements and social behaviors, and could, therefore, have an additional influence on which fish are most vulnerable to capture by fishing. Here, we studied whether social environment (i.e., social group size) and metabolic rate exert independent or interactive effects on the vulnerability of wild zebrafish (Danio rerio) to capture by a baited passive trap gear. Using video analysis, we observed the tendency for individual fish to enter a deployed trap when in different shoal sizes. Fish in larger groups were more vulnerable to capture than fish tested individually or at smaller group sizes. Specifically, focal fish in larger groups entered traps sooner, spent more total time within the trap, and were more likely to re‐enter the trap after an escape. Contrary to expectations, there was evidence that fish with a higher SMR took longer to enter traps, possibly due to a reduced tendency to follow groupmates or attraction to conspecifics already within the trap. Overall, however, social influences appeared to largely overwhelm any link between vulnerability and metabolic rate. The results suggest that group behavior, which in a natural predation setting is beneficial for avoiding predators, could be maladaptive under a trap harvest scenario and be an important mediator of which traits are under harvest associated selection.

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“…Biro and Stamps (35) argued that behaviors such as boldness and activity, which are often correlated with growth rate, are likely to affect productivity and could respond to selective mortality. Philipp et al (36) reported differences in hook-and-line angling vulnerability between individual largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in a wild population. The authors estimated a realized heritability of 0.15 through a 3-generation selection experiment.…”

Section: Fishingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-induced evolution caused by unnatural selection through harvest of wild animals

Allendorf

Hard

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

469

417

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Human harvest of phenotypically desirable animals from wild populations imposes selection that can reduce the frequencies of those desirable phenotypes. Hunting and fishing contrast with agricultural and aquacultural practices in which the most desirable animals are typically bred with the specific goal of increasing the frequency of desirable phenotypes. We consider the potential effects of harvest on the genetics and sustainability of wild populations. We also consider how harvesting could affect the mating system and thereby modify sexual selection in a way that might affect recruitment. Determining whether phenotypic changes in harvested populations are due to evolution, rather than phenotypic plasticity or environmental variation, has been problematic. Nevertheless, it is likely that some undesirable changes observed over time in exploited populations (e.g., reduced body size, earlier sexual maturity, reduced antler size, etc.) are due to selection against desirable phenotypes-a process we call ''unnatural'' selection. Evolution brought about by human harvest might greatly increase the time required for over-harvested populations to recover once harvest is curtailed because harvesting often creates strong selection differentials, whereas curtailing harvest will often result in less intense selection in the opposing direction. We strongly encourage those responsible for managing harvested wild populations to take into account possible selective effects of harvest management and to implement monitoring programs to detect exploitation-induced selection before it seriously impacts viability.conservation ͉ genetic change ͉ human exploitation

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Selection for Vulnerability to Angling in Largemouth Bass

Cited by 151 publications

References 49 publications

Recreational fishing selectively captures individuals with the highest fitness potential

Recreational fishing selectively captures individuals with the highest fitness potential

Shoal size as a key determinant of vulnerability to capture under a simulated fishery scenario

Human-induced evolution caused by unnatural selection through harvest of wild animals

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