Selection for genetics‐based architecture traits in a native cottonwood negatively affects invasive tamarisk in a restoration field trial

Mahoney, Sean M.; Mike, Jesse B.; Parker, Jackie M Corbin; Lassiter, Linda S.; Whitham, Thomas G.

doi:10.1111/rec.12840

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For example, recent common garden experiments have shown significant differences in canopy architecture for P. fremontii from provenance regions with 3-5 C differences in mean annual maximum temperature (Mahoney, Mike, Parker, Lassiter, & Whitham, 2019). type, and measuring LAI in situ was infeasible for this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improved estimation of LAI from remotely sensed data is an important topic for future research. For example, recent common garden experiments have shown significant differences in canopy architecture for P. fremontii from provenance regions with 3–5°C differences in mean annual maximum temperature (Mahoney, Mike, Parker, Lassiter, & Whitham, 2019). Transposing use of LAI‐NDVI calibration relationships from the Lower Colorado (with MAMT closer to 30°C) to the cooler San Pedro region (MAMT about 25°C) was necessary for this study because the Lower Colorado relationships were the closest available for this vegetation type, and measuring LAI in situ was infeasible for this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…River (Nagler et al, 2004) (Mahoney, Mike, Parker, Lassiter, & Whitham, 2019). (Nagler et al, 2004).…”

Section: Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate sensitivity of water use by riparian woodlands at landscape scales

Mayes

Caylor

Singer

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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Semi-arid riparian woodlands face threats from increasing extractive water demand and climate change in dryland landscapes worldwide. Improved landscape-scale understanding of riparian woodland water use (evapotranspiration, ET) and its sensitivity to climate variables is needed to strategically manage water resources, as well as to create successful ecosystem conservation and restoration plans for potential climate futures. In this work, we assess the spatial and temporal variability of Cottonwood (Populus fremontii)-Willow (Salix gooddingii) riparian gallery woodland ET and its relationships to vegetation structure and climate variables for 80 km of the San Pedro River corridor in southeastern Arizona, USA, between 2014 and 2019. We use a novel combination of publicly available remote sensing, climate and hydrological datasets: cloud-based Landsat thermal remote sensing data products for ET (Google Earth Engine EEFlux), Landsat multispectral imagery and field data-based calibrations to vegetation structure (leaf-area index, LAI), and open-source climate and hydrological data. We show that at landscape scales, daily ET rates (6-10 mm day −1) and growing season ET totals (400-1,400 mm) matched rates of published field data, and modelled reach-scale average LAI (0.80-1.70) matched lower ranges of published field data. Over 6 years, the spatial variability of total growing season ET (CV = 0.18) exceeded that of temporal variability (CV = 0.10), indicating the importance of reach-scale vegetation and hydrological conditions for controlling ET dynamics. Responses of ET to climate differed between perennial and intermittent-flow stream reaches. At perennial-flow reaches, ET correlated significantly with temperature, whilst at intermittent-flow sites ET correlated significantly with rainfall and stream discharge. Amongst reaches studied in detail, we found positive but differing logarithmic relationships between LAI and ET. By documenting patterns of high spatial variability of ET at basin scales, these results underscore the importance of accurately accounting for differences in woodland vegetation structure and hydrological conditions for assessing water-use requirements. Results also suggest that the climate sensitivity of ET may be used as a remote indicator of subsurface water resources relative to vegetation demand, and an indicator for informing conservation management priorities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate sensitivity of water use by riparian woodlands at landscape scales

Mayes

Caylor

Singer

et al. 2020

Hydrological Processes

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“…For instance, if a tree loses its leaves during the dry season, this is the predictor of lower PAR interception rather than its crown traits. In addition, light interception by crowns may not be completely predictable by models since tree architecture is determined according to genetics (Benomar et al ; Mahoney et al ) as well as environmental conditions and competition with other species (Uriarte et al ; Del Río et al ; Fichtner et al ; Van de Peer et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of shade trees in forest restoration plantings should not be based on crown tree architecture alone

Almeida

Viani

2019

Restoration Ecology

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The planting of tree seedlings is a common restoration technique in the tropics, and using large-crowned, fast-growing shade species is recommended to suppress invasive grasses and accelerate forest succession. We analyzed the effectiveness of shade species in shading the forest floor during the rainy and dry seasons at young forest restoration sites, whether shade changes according to site for a given species, and whether crown architecture can predict the shade level. We measured the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted by the tree crowns of 14 species in two 3-year-old restoration plantings. The ability to predict shade based on crown architecture traits was evaluated using multiple linear regressions. The interception of PAR varied according to species, site, and season for seven species and was generally higher during the rainy season. Low values of tree and first branch height and high values of trunk diameter and mean area of a leaf predicted greater light interception. For the dry season, the ability to predict PAR interception was weaker than that for the rainy season and affected by a shorter tree height and a greater crown area. The crown architecture of shade species did not completely predict their shading ability, and the preselection of shade species for forest restoration purposes based only on crown architecture traits is not effective. Therefore, it is important to consider other factors, such as how long trees retain their leaves throughout the year and the soil and management conditions of the sites undergoing restoration, during the selection of species.

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“…We also assessed the performance of each tree by measuring tree diameter and classified each tree as either shrub-like or tree-like. A previous study at Chevelon Garden has shown that poorly performing trees were shorter, had smaller trunks, and had more stems (i.e., "shrub-like") than better performing trees (Mahoney et al 2018). The architecture of each tree was classified as either "shrub" or "tree" with shrubs having more than two trunks.…”

Section: Sampling and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mammalian herbivore prefers locally adapted populations in a common garden: implications for climate change mitigation

Lauger

Mahoney

Rothwell

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Climate change is expected to alter habitat more rapidly than the pace of evolution, leading to tree populations that are maladapted to new local conditions. Assisted migration is a mitigation strategy that proposes preemptively identifying and planting genotypes that are robust to the expected climate change-induced alterations of an area. Assisted migration however, may impact the broader community, including herbivores which often coevolved with local plant genotypes and their defenses. Although this question has been examined in arthropod herbivores, few studies have assessed this question in mammalian herbivores, and fewer still have leveraged experimental design to disentangle the genetic contribution to herbivore preference.We examined the hypothesis that North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) browsing on Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) is under genetic control in a common garden, which allowed us to uncouple genetic and environmental contributions to browse preference.Generally, porcupines selected local trees and trees from climatically similar areas, where trees from local and cooler climate populations suffered over 2x more extensive herbivory than trees from warmer areas. Plant genotype was a significant factor for selection, with the most heavily browsed genotype having on average >10x more herbivory than the least heavily browsed. Because genotypes within and among populations were replicated, we calculated broad-sense heritability in which tree palatability by porcupines was H2B = 0.28 (95% CI: 0.13-0.48) among genotypes.Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate a genetic component to tree defenses against porcupine herbivory that can be predicted by the climate of the source population. This result has important implications for mammalian herbivores if climate change renders local tree genotypes maladaptive to new conditions. We recommend assisted migration efforts consider this implication and plant stock from both warmer and climatically similar areas to maintain genetic diversity in a changing environment, productivity and forage for mammalian herbivores.

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Selection for genetics‐based architecture traits in a native cottonwood negatively affects invasive tamarisk in a restoration field trial

Cited by 5 publications

References 49 publications

Climate sensitivity of water use by riparian woodlands at landscape scales

Climate sensitivity of water use by riparian woodlands at landscape scales

Selection of shade trees in forest restoration plantings should not be based on crown tree architecture alone

A mammalian herbivore prefers locally adapted populations in a common garden: implications for climate change mitigation

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