Selection for ‘environmental fit’ from existing domesticated species

Wall, E.

doi:10.20506/rst.33.1.2275

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Specialized trait selection, under controlled environments, has made commercial broiler chickens sensitive to environmental extremes (Mcmichael et al, 2007; Ciscar et al, 2011; Kantanen et al, 2015). This creates significant hindrance for the expansion of poultry industry into regions that experience environmental conditions such as heat stress (HS) (Canario et al, 2013; Lawrence and Wall, 2014; Rothschild and Plastow, 2014). Being homeothermic, chickens are able to maintain a constant body temperature across a wide range of temperature (Deeb and Cahaner, 1999); however, increasing ambient temperature due to global warming and climate change will have a major impact on the animal’s physiology and performance, resulting in significant economic losses to livestock industries (Renaudeau et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Response to Heat Stress in Kenyan Chicken Ecotypes Adapted to Low and High Altitudes Reveal Differences in Thermal Tolerance and Stress Response

et al. 2019

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Heat stress (HS) negatively affects chicken performance. Agricultural expansion will happen in regions that experience high ambient temperatures, where fast-growing commercial chickens are vulnerable. Indigenous chickens of such regions, due to generations of exposure to environmental challenges, might have higher thermal tolerance. In this study, two indigenous chicken ecotypes, from the hot and humid Mombasa (lowland) and the colder Naivasha (highland) regions, were used to investigate the effects of acute (5 h, 35°C) and chronic (3 days of 35°C for 8 h/day) HS on the cardiac and skeletal muscle, through RNA sequencing. The rectal temperature gain and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) [False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05] were two times higher in the acute stage than in the chronic stage in both ecotypes, suggesting that cyclic exposure to HS can lead to adaptation. A tissue- and stage-specific difference in response to HS was observed, with peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor (PPAR) signaling and mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, enriched in heart and skeletal muscle, respectively, and the p53 pathway enriched only in the acute stage in both tissues. The acute and chronic stage DEGs were integrated by a region-specific gene coexpression network (GCN), and genes with the highest number of connections (hub genes) were identified. The hub genes in the lowland network were CCNB2, Crb2, CHST9, SESN1, and NR4A3, while COMMD4, TTC32, H1F0, ACYP1, and RPS28 were the hub genes in the highland network. Pathway analysis of genes in the GCN showed that p53 and PPAR signaling pathways were enriched in both low and highland networks, while MAPK signaling and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were enriched only in the gene network of highland chickens. This shows that to dissipate the accumulated heat, to reduce heat induced apoptosis, and to promote DNA damage repair, the ecotypes activated or suppressed different genes, indicating the differences in thermal tolerance and HS response mechanisms between the ecotypes. This study provides information on the HS response of chickens, adapted to two different agro climatic environments, extending our understanding of the mechanisms of HS response and the effect of adaptation in counteracting HS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Response to Heat Stress in Kenyan Chicken Ecotypes Adapted to Low and High Altitudes Reveal Differences in Thermal Tolerance and Stress Response

et al. 2019

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“…Alternatively, families with positive growth responses at higher (or lower) temperatures can be chosen when developing a locally-adapted population for a certain environment. In the latter case, TS can be viewed rather as an advantageous character to be used by selective breeding when improving the ‘fit’ between the selected fish and the thermal environment in which they are reared [54]. Either way, it is likely that there will be a high demand for more heat-tolerant populations of rainbow trout in the future since temperatures will continue to increase around the world due to global warming.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal sensitivity of growth indicates heritable variation in 1-year-old rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

et al. 2016

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Background Rainbow trout is an important aquaculture species, which has a worldwide distribution across various production environments. The diverse locations of trout farms involve remarkable variation in environmental factors such as water temperature, which is of major importance for the performance of fish. Thus, robust fish that could thrive under different and suboptimal thermal conditions is a desirable goal for trout breeding. Using a split-family experimental design (40 full-/half-sib groups) for a rainbow trout population derived from the Finnish national breeding program, we studied how two different rearing temperatures (14 and 20 °C) affect feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion ratio in 1-year-old fish. Furthermore, we quantified the additive genetic (co-)variation for daily growth coefficient (DGC) and its thermal sensitivity (TS), defined as the slope of the growth reaction norm between the two temperatures.ResultsThe fish showed consistently lower feed intake, faster growth and better feed conversion ratio at the lower temperature. Heritability of TS of DGC was moderate (). The co-heritability parameter derived from selection index theory, which describes the heritable variance of TS, was negative when the intercept was placed at the lower temperature (−0.28). This resulted in moderate accuracy of selection. At the higher temperature, co-heritability of TS was positive (0.20). The genetic correlation between DGC and its TS was strongly negative (−0.64) when the intercept was at the lower temperature and positive (0.38) but not significantly different from zero at the higher temperature.ConclusionsThe considerable amount of genetic variation in TS of growth indicates a potential for selection response and thus for targeted genetic improvement in TS. The negative genetic correlation between DGC and its TS suggests that selection for high growth rate at the lower temperature will result in more temperature-sensitive fish. Instead, the correlated response of TS is less pronounced if the selection for a higher DGC occurred at the higher temperature. It seems possible to control the correlated genetic change of TS while selecting for fast growth across environments, especially if measurements from both environments are available and breeding values for reaction norm slope are directly included in the selection index.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-016-0272-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…), and this will be a hindrance for the expansion of the poultry industry to regions such as Africa, where the local environments are considerably different from those where the commercial chickens are selected and might lead to significant environmental stresses (Canario et al . ; Lawrence & Wall ; Loyau et al . ; Rothschild & Plastow ; Fleming et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome analysis of Ethiopian indigenous chickens from low and high altitudes under heat stress condition reveals differential immune response

et al. 2018

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Ethiopia is an ecologically diverse country; the low altitude regions are hot and humid whereas the high altitude regions are cooler. In this study we analyzed the transcriptome response of high altitude (Addis Ababa) and low altitude (Awash) chickens to heat stress conditions that are prevalent in the low altitude regions. The chickens were free ranged for 20 h in an enclosure in Awash, and then the heart, breast muscle and spleen tissues were collected at 6:00 AM, 12:00 NOON and 6:00 PM to follow a daily circadian cycle. Through RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were significant (q < 0.05). These DEGs were subjected to protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and gene co-expression network (GCN) analyses to understand their role. KEGG pathway analysis and Gene Ontology analysis of all the identified DEGs and the genes identified from the PPI network and GCN analyses revealed that several immune-related pathways, such as proteasome, focal adhesion, influenza A, the ErbB signaling pathway and glycerophospholipid metabolism, were enriched in response to heat stress. These results suggest that the high altitude chickens were under heat stress and might be immunologically susceptible. Our findings will help in developing a genetic approach to mitigate production loss due to heat stress.

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Selection for ‘environmental fit’ from existing domesticated species

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Response to Heat Stress in Kenyan Chicken Ecotypes Adapted to Low and High Altitudes Reveal Differences in Thermal Tolerance and Stress Response

Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome Response to Heat Stress in Kenyan Chicken Ecotypes Adapted to Low and High Altitudes Reveal Differences in Thermal Tolerance and Stress Response

Thermal sensitivity of growth indicates heritable variation in 1-year-old rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Comparative transcriptome analysis of Ethiopian indigenous chickens from low and high altitudes under heat stress condition reveals differential immune response

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