Selection Effects in Rice as Assessed by Genetic Analysis in Segregating Populations

Abstract

Estimation of selection effects on changes of a trait is of vital importance for the success of any plantbreeding program, and helps to select the desirable breeding method. Heritability and genetic advance areimportant selection parameters, and selection success is a reflectance of selection response. To estimate selectioneffects on rice genetic parameters, a research was conducted using 4 different generations (two parents:Neda and Sadri, and two segregating populations: BC1F1 and BC1S1). After development of a backcross population,a single plant (BC1#4) was selected based on its desirable performance, particularly in heading date andseven other morphological traits. BC1F1 population compared to mid-parent performance showed advance forheading date, plant height, tiller number, hundred seed weight, weight of filled seeds per panicle and grainyield per plant, while mean performance of BC1F1 population compared to BC1S1 population showed advanceonly for heading date, plant height, tiller number and grain yield. Prevalence of additive genetic effects incontrolling panicle weight, hundred seed weight, weight of filled seeds per panicle, plant height and headingdate was observed, and in contrast prevalence of non-additive effects in controlling grain yield was observed.High general heritability was observed for most traits, while only heading date and plant height showeda considerable specific heritability (60.7% and 67.5%, respectively), and grain yield showed a relatively lowspecific heritability (37.0%). High expected genetic advance (ΔGe) was obtained for tiller number (49.4%),followed by grain yield (43.5%) and plant height (35.5%), while the highest real genetic advance (ΔGe) wasobtained for heading date (-8.5%) and tiller number (5.4%). High selection success was obtained only forheading date (51.8%). Altogether, the obtained results gave promise for selecting progenies with early maturityand semi-dwarfism in early segregating generations, while they suggested preference of heterosis for improvementof grain yield.

Variable level of genetic dominance controls important agronomic traits in rice populations under water deficit condition

“…Significant positive estimates of heterosis and heterobeltiosis among physiological and agronomic traits and its components in two studied crosses, which revealed the over-dominance plays an important role in inheritance of those traits. These findings were supported by several studies ( Ahmadikhah, 2018 ; Hossain et al, 2021 ; Kamara et al, 2017 ; Tiwari et al, 2019 ), wherein it has also been suggested that these aforementioned crosses could be used to explore the heterotic effects in hybrid rice breeding programs with water deficit conditions ( Concepcion et al, 2015 ; Guimarães, Stone & Silva, 2016 ; Hassan, 2017 ; Hastini et al, 2021 ; Potkile et al, 2018 ). Furthermore, significant heterosis percentages were recorded for these traits in studied crosses, which was corroborated by previous studies ( Gaballah et al, 2021 ; Ouyang, Li & Zhang, 2022 ; Sakran et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Moreover, ( h ) played a greater role in the inheritance of all traits in the two crosses, except for number of roots/plant and sterility % in (P 1 × P 2 ) under water deficit conditions, and it was greater than ( d ) in the inheritance of among studied traits. The additive gene actions were detected by several studies in plants ( Ahmadikhah, 2018 ; Ganapati et al, 2020 ; Guimarães, Stone & Silva, 2016 ; Kamara et al, 2017 ). However, Kamara et al (2017) , found a link of additive effects in regulating the expression of plant height, number of panicles/plant, number of filled grains/panicle, sterility % and grain yield/plant, while non-additive gene actions were important for the inheritance of 1,000-grain weight.…”