Selection by parasites may increase host recombination frequency

Fischer, Oliver; Schmid‐Hempel, Paul

doi:10.1098/rsbl.2005.0296

Cited by 63 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Tribolium castaneum is known to naturally harbour a range of protozoan and other parasites ( West 1958( West , 1960Sokoloff 1974;Padin et al 2002;Blaser & Schmid-Hempel 2005;Fischer & Schmid-Hempel 2005). These beetles, nowadays mainly living in mills, grain stores and bird nests, are very likely to be exposed repeatedly to similar infections.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, T. castaneum has been further developed into a model system for embryonic development and pesticide resistance (Lorenzen et al 2005;, population genetics (Zhong et al 2004;Demuth & Wade 2007), mate choice (Bernasconi & Keller 2001;Pai & Yan 2002;Pai et al 2007;Pai & Bernasconi 2008) and for the study of host-parasite coevolution (Pai & Yan 2003;Fischer & Schmid-Hempel 2005). As its genome sequence has been completed, it is likely that other fields of biology will adopt this model system as well (Richards et al 2008; http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu/projects/tribolium/ ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain-specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Sadd²,

et al. 2008

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As invertebrates lack the molecular machinery employed by the vertebrate adaptive immune system, it was thought that they consequently lack the ability to produce lasting and specific immunity. However, in recent years, it has been demonstrated that the immune defence of invertebrates is by far more complicated and specific than previously envisioned. Lasting immunity following an initial exposure that proves protection on a secondary exposure has been shown in several species of invertebrates. This phenomenon has become known as immune priming. In the cases where it is explicitly tested, this priming can also be highly specific. In this study, we used survival assays to test for specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, using bacteria of different degrees of relatedness. Our results suggest an unexpected degree of specificity that even allows for differentiation between different strains of the same bacterium. However, our findings also demonstrate that specific priming of resistance in insects may not be ubiquitous across all bacteria.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strain-specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Sadd²,

et al. 2008

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“…Therefore, these processes are predicted to lead to the continuous generation of novel genotypes to which the respective antagonist is not adapted (5,9,10). Furthermore, the spread of new favorable alleles is predicted to cause an at least temporary increase in genetic diversity within the population (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Several previous coevolution experiments also focused on multicellular hosts, which are characterized by more complex defense responses than microbes. These experiments were performed under laboratory and field conditions and included Drosophila fruit flies, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, the waterflea D. magna, and different snail species (6,9,(22)(23)(24)(25). Particular studies in these host systems usually focused on only one set of predictions in only one of the antagonists, such as host resistance and associated tradeoffs in Drosophila flies (6) or infectivity of the bacterial parasite of D. magna (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Phenotypic treatment differences were examined for a single time point, namely the end of the evolution experiment, when changes under coevolution conditions were expected in response to recurrent selective sweeps and possibly also the recent spread of a favorable allele during negative frequency-dependent selection (3)(4)(5). For both antagonists, we further evaluated whether coevolution caused reciprocal increases in four types of genetic characteristics (9)(10)(11)(12): the rate of genetic change (across time; Fig. 1C), genetic diversities within and among populations (at the end of experimental evolution and across time; Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multiple reciprocal adaptations and rapid genetic change upon experimental coevolution of an animal host and its microbial parasite

Schulte

Makus

Hasert

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

172

239

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The coevolution between hosts and parasites is predicted to have complex evolutionary consequences for both antagonists, often within short time periods. To date, conclusive experimental support for the predictions is available mainly for microbial host systems, but for only a few multicellular host taxa. We here introduce a model system of experimental coevolution that consists of the multicellular nematode host Caenorhabditis elegans and the microbial parasite Bacillus thuringiensis. We demonstrate that 48 host generations of experimental coevolution under controlled laboratory conditions led to multiple changes in both parasite and host. These changes included increases in the traits of direct relevance to the interaction such as parasite virulence (i.e., host killing rate) and host resistance (i.e., the ability to survive pathogens). Importantly, our results provide evidence of reciprocal effects for several other central predictions of the coevolutionary dynamics, including (i) possible adaptation costs (i.e., reductions in traits related to the reproductive rate, measured in the absence of the antagonist), (ii) rapid genetic changes, and (iii) an overall increase in genetic diversity across time. Possible underlying mechanisms for the genetic effects were found to include increased rates of genetic exchange in the parasite and elevated mutation rates in the host. Taken together, our data provide comprehensive experimental evidence of the consequences of host-parasite coevolution, and thus emphasize the pace and complexity of reciprocal adaptations associated with these antagonistic interactions.

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A temperature shock can lead to trans‐generational immune priming in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Eggert

Buhr

Kurtz

2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) describes the transfer of immune stimulation to the next generation. As stress and immunity are closely connected, we here address the question whether trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance can also be elicited by a nonpathogen stress treatment of parents. General stressors have been shown to induce immunity to pathogens within individuals. However, to our knowledge, it is as of yet unknown whether stress can also induce trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance. We exposed a parental generation (mothers, fathers, or both parents) of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, a species where TGIP has been previously been demonstrated, to either a brief heat or cold shock and examined offspring survival after bacterial infection with the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. We also studied phenoloxidase activity, a key enzyme of the insect innate immune system that has previously been demonstrated to be up-regulated upon TGIP. We quantified parental fecundity and offspring developmental time to evaluate whether trans-generational priming might have costs. Offspring resistance was found to be significantly increased when both parents received a cold shock. Offspring phenoloxidase activity was also higher when mothers or both parents were cold-shocked. By contrast, parental heat shock reduced offspring phenoloxidase activity. Moreover, parental cold or heat shock delayed offspring development. In sum, we conclude that trans-generational priming for resistance could not only be elicited by pathogens or pathogen-derived components, but also by more general cues that are indicative of a stressful environment. The interaction between stress responses and the immune system might play an important role also for trans-generational effects.

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Selection by parasites may increase host recombination frequency

Cited by 63 publications

References 21 publications

Strain-specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Strain-specific priming of resistance in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Multiple reciprocal adaptations and rapid genetic change upon experimental coevolution of an animal host and its microbial parasite

A temperature shock can lead to trans‐generational immune priming in the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

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