Selection and transfer of an IncI1-tet
(A) plasmid of Escherichia coli
 in an ex vivo
 model of the porcine caecum at doxycycline concentrations caused by crosscontaminated feed

Peeters, Laura; Mulder, Tom De; Coillie, Els Van; Huygens, J; Smet, Annemieke; Daeseleire, Els; Dewulf, Jeroen; Imberechts, Hein; Butaye, Patrick; Haesebrouck, Freddy; Croubels, Siska; Heyndrickx, Marc; Rasschaert, Geertrui

doi:10.1111/jam.13561

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The analysis was repeated when score values < 2.000 were obtained. Genotyping of E. coli isolates was performed using repetitive element sequenced-based (rep)-PCR, as described by Peeters et al [45].…”

Section: Lc-ms/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations

et al. 2020

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Background Knowledge of therapy-induced intestinal tract concentrations of antimicrobials allows for interpretation and prediction of antimicrobial resistance selection within the intestinal microbiota. This study describes the impact of three different doses of enrofloxacin (ENR) and two different administration routes on the intestinal concentration of ENR and on the fecal Escherichia coli populations in pigs. Enrofloxacin was administered on three consecutive days to four different treatment groups. The groups either received an oral bolus administration of ENR (conventional or half dose) or an intramuscular administration (conventional or double dose). Results Quantitative analysis of fecal samples showed high ENR concentrations in all groups, ranging from 5.114 ± 1.272 μg/g up to 39.54 ± 10.43 μg/g at the end of the treatment period. In addition, analysis of the luminal intestinal content revealed an increase of ENR concentration from the proximal to the distal intestinal tract segments, with no significant effect of administration route. Fecal samples were also screened for resistance in E. coli isolates against ENR. Wild-type (MIC≤0.125 μg/mL) and non-wild-type (0.125 < MIC≤2 μg/mL) E. coli isolates were found at time 0 h. At the end of treatment (3 days) only non-wild-type isolates (MIC≥32 μg/mL) were found. Conclusions In conclusion, the observed intestinal ENR concentrations in all groups showed to be both theoretically (based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles) and effectively (in vivo measurement) capable of significantly reducing the intestinal E. coli wild-type population.

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Section: Lc-ms/ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations

et al. 2020

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“…Quantitative PCR has been demonstrated in the past to monitor the dissemination of broad-host-range plasmids pB10 in microcosms. 80,172 Similarly, this approach utilizes highly specific PCR primers to track the DNA copy numbers of each plasmid and total bacteria (donor and recipient) and compares them in a relative ratio to donor bacteria (E. coli NT36). If the rate of plasmid transfer is expected to increase, then the ratio between plasmid:donor would increase since there will be more plasmid copy numbers present relative to the donor's copy number.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characterization, occurrence, and mobility of antibiotic resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, and plasmids isolated from urban wastewater treatment plants.

Brauer¹

2022

Preprint

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Throughout the decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within the bacterial populations found in various environments. The continual use of antibiotics has contributed to a higher state of resistance in microorganisms and is recognized as a threat to global public health. The spread of ARGs within a bacterial population is still poorly understood, although, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been recognized as ‘hotspots’ for the dissemination and proliferation of ARGs. More research is required to further our understanding of the occurrence and mobility of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), ARGs, and plasmids within densely populated microbial environments such as in WWTPs. The first objective investigated the presence of tetracycline resistant and tetracycline sensitive bacteria and characterized them based on identity, morphology, and antibiotic resistance patterns. It was found that tetracycline resistant and sensitive populations differed greatly in composition. In addition, isolates that were resistant to tetracycline were more likely to carry resistances to other antibiotics, unlike sensitive ones. The knowledge acquired from this research will shed light upon resistance patterns and routes that can occur in a complex WWTP microbial population. The second objective investigated the presence, host range, and characterization of plasmids found in both antibiotic resistant and sensitive isolates. The members belonging to the phylum Enterobacteriaceae were found to be the main carriers of plasmids. Numerous plasmids with conjugative properties, type secretion systems, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors were identified among the selected cultures. The genetic information obtained will contribute to the understanding of the role plasmids play in the mobility, host range, metabolic function, virulence, and the spread of ARGs. The last objective monitored the conjugative transfer of two novel plasmids, pNT36-3, and pNT36-4, between two environmental strains of Escherichia coli NT36 and EB-G3. Furthermore, the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on plasmid transfer are also examined. In the presence of 1 μg/mL of carbenicillin, the plasmid transfer rate significantly increased while decreasing in the presence of other antibiotics. Understanding the environmental conditions, host requirements, and occurrence of plasmid transfer will bring about great insight in understanding gene transfer between environmental bacteria.

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“…Our study indicates that animal feedstock including corn can be important sources of resistant bacteria and their associated ARGs, a finding consistent with that reported by Agga et al (2016) in the feeds of beef cattle. Swine feed can be cross‐contaminated with antimicrobials from medicated feed at feed mills, during transport, or at the farm (Peeters et al, 2017), which can select for resistant bacteria. We suggest animal feed as another critical control point to be considered to reduce the spread of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria and ARGs, and further study is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundances of Tetracycline Resistance Genes and Tetracycline Antibiotics during Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Waste

et al. 2019

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The impact of anaerobic digestion of animal waste on the persistence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotics is not widely studied. Two identical, 800‐L digesters seeded with swine slurry were followed up to 100 d in three separate trials. The trials received varying amounts of antibiotic‐free corn (Zea mays L.) mixed with water to maintain the digestion process. Biogas production, seven tetracycline resistance (tet) genes, and three tetracyclines and their transformation products were measured. Biogas production proportionally increased as the feeding loads increased between trials. In Trial 1, log10 tet gene copies showed small but statistically significant (P < 0.01) increases during digestion. In Trial 2, anaerobic digestion did not have a significant (P > 0.05) effect except for significant reductions in tetB (P < 0.0001) and tetG (P = 0.0335) log10 gene copies. In Trial 3, which received the highest amount of corn mix, log10 copies of the 16S ribosomal RNA and the tet genes significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced over time during digestion. Up to 36 μg L−1 tetracycline, 112 μg L−1 chlortetracycline, 11.9 mg L−1 isochlortetracycline, and 30 μg L−1 4‐epitetracycline were detected both in the liquid and solid digestates. Results of this study revealed that although anaerobic digestion of swine waste can produce useful biogas, it does not result in complete removal of bacteria, ARGs, and antibiotics regardless of differences in the feeding loads between trials. Further effluent and sludge treatments are required prior to their downstream use in crop production to minimize emergence and environmental dissemination of antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria through animal manure. Core Ideas Anaerobic digestion did not completely remove resistance genes from swine waste. Tetracycline antibiotics were detected from 30 μg L−1 to 11.9 mg L−1. Further waste treatments are required to reduce the spread of resistance genes.

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Selection and transfer of an IncI1-tet (A) plasmid of Escherichia coli in an ex vivo model of the porcine caecum at doxycycline concentrations caused by crosscontaminated feed

Abstract: Cross-contamination of feed with antimicrobials such as DOX likely promotes the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, it is important to develop or fine-tune guidelines for the safe use of antimicrobials in animal feed and its storage.

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations

The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations

The characterization, occurrence, and mobility of antibiotic resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, and plasmids isolated from urban wastewater treatment plants.

Abundances of Tetracycline Resistance Genes and Tetracycline Antibiotics during Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Waste

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