Selecting potential nontarget species for host range testing of &lt;i&gt;Eadya paropsidis&lt;/i&gt;

Withers, T. M.; Allen, Gordon; Reid, Chris A. M.

doi:10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5803

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…There are no native Eucalyptus in New Zealand and all paropsine beetles are invasive pests in that country [ 34 ]. Another new paropsine incursion was discovered in 2016, The eucalyptus variegated beetle ( Pst .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…charybdis makes an excellent candidate for classical biological control. Withers, Allen [ 34 ] already selected a list of candidate species to test Eadya for potential non-target effects based on rigorous biological and phylogenetic criteria of native beetles and beneficial weed biological control beetles present in New Zealand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research is now aimed at introducing a successful biological agent that is effective in the cooler climates of New Zealand and active during the first generation of P . charybdis [ 27 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When taxonomy and biological control researchers unite: Species delimitation of Eadya parasitoids (Braconidae) and consequences for classical biological control of invasive paropsine pests of Eucalyptus

et al. 2018

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The invasive eucalyptus tortoise beetle, Paropsis charybdis, defoliates plantations of Eucalyptus nitens in New Zealand. Recent efforts to identify host specific biological control agents (parasitoids) from Tasmania, Australia, have focused on the larval parasitoid wasp, Eadya paropsidis (Braconidae), first described in 1978. In Tasmania, Eadya has been reared from Paropsisterna agricola (genus abbreviated Pst.), a smaller paropsine that feeds as a larva on juvenile rather than adult foliage of Eucalyptus nitens. To determine which of the many paropsine beetle hosts native to Tasmania are utilized by E. paropsidis, and to rule out the presence of cryptic species, a molecular phylogenetic approach was combined with host data from rearing experiments from multiple locations across six years. Sampling included 188 wasps and 94 beetles for molecular data alone. Two mitochondrial genes (COI and Cytb) and one nuclear gene (28S) were analyzed to assess the species limits in the parasitoid wasps. The mitochondrial genes were congruent in delimiting four separate phylogenetic species, all supported by morphological examinations of Eadya specimens collected throughout Tasmania. Eadya paropsidis was true to the type description, and was almost exclusively associated with P. tasmanica. A new cryptic species similar to E. paropsidis, Eadya sp. 3, was readily reared from Pst. agricola and P. charybdis from all sites and all years. Eadya sp. 3 represents the best candidate for biological control of P. charybdis and was determined as the species undergoing host range testing in New Zealand for its potential as a biological control agent. Another new species, Eadya sp. 1, was morphologically distinctive and attacked multiple hosts. The most common host was Pst. variicollis, but was also reared from Pst. nobilitata and Pst. selmani. Eadya sp. 1 may have potential for control against Pst. variicollis, a new incursion in New Zealand, and possibly Pst. selmani in Ireland. Our molecular data suggests that Pst. variicollis is in need of taxonomic revision and the geographic source of the beetle in New Zealand may not be Tasmania. Eadya sp. 2 was rarely collected and attacked P. aegrota elliotti and P. charybdis. Most species of Eadya present in Tasmania are not host specific to one beetle species alone, but demonstrate some host plasticity across the genera Paropsisterna and Paropsis. This study is an excellent example of collaborative phylogenetic and biological control research prior to the release of prospective biological control agents, and has important implications for the Eucalyptus industry worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When taxonomy and biological control researchers unite: Species delimitation of Eadya parasitoids (Braconidae) and consequences for classical biological control of invasive paropsine pests of Eucalyptus

et al. 2018

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“…This traditional approach for drawing up a host testing list was followed in 2015 when New Zealand Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) growers expressed the need for a BCA to target the first generation of the eucalyptus tortoise beetle pest, Paropsis charybdis Stål (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (Withers et al 2015). The candidate BCA was the solitary larval parasitoid Eadya paropsidis Huddleston and Short (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).…”

Section: Comparing Traditional Methods Of Test Species Selection Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ranks are included for clarity, and the two native genera Chalcolampra and Allocharis are listed separately, whereas in the original list they were considered so similar that they were ranked equally. Recreated from Table 2, page 184 of Withers et al (2015). Agasicles hygrophila I Galerucinae Alternanthera philoxeroides Sister subfamily, exposed larvae, BCA 9…”

Section: Materials and Methods E Candidate Bca: Eadya Daenerysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing traditional methods of test species selection with the PRONTI tool for host-range testing of Eadya daenerys (Braconidae)

Withers

Todd

Gresham

et al. 2018

NZPP

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A computer-based tool (PRONTI; Priority Ranking Of Non-Target Invertebrates) has been developed to assist the selection of invertebrate species for risk-assessment testing with entomophagous biological control agents (BCAs). PRONTI was used to produce a prioritised list of taxa for host-range testing with the braconid parasitoid Eadya daenerys, a potential BCA for the eucalypt pest, Paropsis charybdis. The resulting list was compared with a list developed using traditional species selection methods. Seven of the nine species on the traditional list were in the PRONTI top 20. The remaining two species (Agasicles hygrophila and Cassida rubiginosa) may not have been selected if the PRONTI tool had been used. These two species were on the traditional list because they are in the same family as the target and are considered valuable BCAs. Alternative BCAs were prioritised by PRONTI. The other 13 taxa prioritised by PRONTI were not on the traditional list: the taxa are little-known natives in the target subfamily or sister subfamily but larvae are presumed to be root-feeders, whereas target larvae are leaf-feeders. PRONTI can support the traditional approach by providing transparent evidence to support the selection (or rejection) of non-target species for host-range testing.

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Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, Langkawi, Malaysia, September 11-15, 2017

Mason¹,

Gillespie²,

Vincent³

2017

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Accidental introductions of natural enemies, including parasitoid and predatory groups, may exceed species introduced intentionally. Several factors favor this: a general surge in international trade; lack of surveillance for species that are not associated with live plants or animals; inability to intercept tiny organisms such as parasitoids; huge invasive host populations in source and/or receiving areas that allow rapid establishment; and lack of aggressive screening for pests already established. Recent frequent and surprisingly rapid accidental natural enemy introductions call into question the regulatory emphasis on a rigorous and protracted process for classical biological control (CBC) introductions, when adventives have a high probability to displace or disrupt this planned process. We provide an overview with three brief case studies.The volume of global international trade is staggering, and it continues to increase. International shipping moves 127 million containers (TEUs, each ~40m³ in volume and weighing ~14 tonnes) per year between countries, the majority between continents, for a total of ~5 billion m³ of freight (2014 totals; World Shipping Council, 2017). About 4x this amount moves domestically in coastal shipping. Additionally, 3.2 billion passenger trips take place by air, and air freight amounts to ~185 million tonnes (about 1/50th of the weight shipped by boat, but delivered in <1 day) (2014 totals;. A single adult parasitoid weighs about 1 mg (Harvey et al., 2006), or approximately 70 parts per trillion of a single shipping container -less than a needle in a haystack -and 350,000 such haystacks arrive from foreign ports worldwide per day! Given this massive exchange of merchandise, invading natural enemies are of low to vanishing priority for national authorities inspecting imports for harmful organisms and other threats. Primary concerns are plant and animal pests and pathogens that will do the most serious and immediate damage, not to mention a host of other non-biological concerns such as terrorism, hazardous substances, and material that is illegal, smuggled, and/or counterfeit. In the US Department of Agriculture, the very name APHIS PPQ (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine) reflects these priorities, and, aside from known plant and animal pests and pathogens, and their associated carriers, very little else attracts the attention of border patrol inspectors.Reece Sailer, in a prescient perspective, estimated the number of "beneficial immigrant species" to the US, determining that nearly half (134 of 287=47%) had been accidentally introduced (numbers from his Figure 6, not his text). "As an entomologist specialized in References Blossey, B. (2016) The future of biological control: a proposal for fundamental reform. In: Van

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Selecting potential nontarget species for host range testing of <i>Eadya paropsidis</i>

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

When taxonomy and biological control researchers unite: Species delimitation of Eadya parasitoids (Braconidae) and consequences for classical biological control of invasive paropsine pests of Eucalyptus

When taxonomy and biological control researchers unite: Species delimitation of Eadya parasitoids (Braconidae) and consequences for classical biological control of invasive paropsine pests of Eucalyptus

Comparing traditional methods of test species selection with the PRONTI tool for host-range testing of Eadya daenerys (Braconidae)

Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods, Langkawi, Malaysia, September 11-15, 2017

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