“…Elevated concentrations of metals are ubiquitous in road-deposited sediment (RDS) owing to a wide range of human activities including vehicle emissions, coal combustion, disintegration of vehicle brakes and tires, atmospheric deposition, road surface wear, municipal solid waste incineration, and residential heating (Andrews and Sutherland, 2004;Duzgoren-Aydin, 2007;Eriksson et al, 2007;Duong and Lee, 2009). RDS acts as a significant carrier of potentially toxic elements such as metals including chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) (AlKhashman, 2004;Tian et al, 2009;Sutherland et al, 2012).…”