Selected Physiological Effects of a Garcinia Gummi-Gutta Extract in Rats Fed with Different Hypercaloric Diets

Abstract

Garcinia gummi-gutta (GGG) rind extract is effective for reducing appetite, body weight and adiposity of obese rodents fed high-fat (HF), high-sugar (HS) or high fat/sugar (HFS)-based diets, but these effects have not been simultaneously evaluated. Thirty obese (~425 g) male Wistar rats were fed for eleven weeks with six hypercaloric diets (4.1 kcal/g; five rats/diet) non-supplemented (HF, HS, HFS), or supplemented (HF+, HS+, HFS+) with GGG extract (5.9%), while rats from the control group (375 g) were fed a normocaloric diet (3.5 kcal/g). Body weight, dietary intake, body fat distribution, and histological and biochemical parameters were recorded. Compared to control rats, non-supplemented and supplemented groups consumed significantly less food (14.3% and 24.6% (−4.3 g/day), respectively) (p < 0.05). Weight loss was greater in the HF+ group (35–52 g), which consumed 1.9 times less food than the HS+ or HFS+ fed groups. The HF and HFS groups showed 40% less plasma triacylglycerides and lower glucose levels compared to the HF+. GGG-supplemented diets were associated with lower ketonuria. The HF+ diet was associated with the best anti-adiposity effect (as measured with the dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and Soxhlet methods). The severity of hepatocyte lipidosis was HF > control > HF+, and no signs of toxicity in the testes were observed. The results indicate that GGG is more effective when co-administered with HF diets in obese rats.

Rind from Purple Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Attenuates Diet-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in Obese Rats

“…We also noted the presence of hydroxycitric acid in the rind which contributed to the intake of 11.8 mg/kg/day of hydroxycitric acid in HM rats. The hydroxycitric acid content in the G. mangostana rind is considerably lower than the quantity found in G. gummi-gutta (G. cambogia) which amounts to about 50-60% w/w [62]. Previous studies showed that hydroxycitric acid has anti-obesity properties at 710-2390 mg/kg/day, much higher than the dose given in this study [62][63][64].…”

“…The hydroxycitric acid content in the G. mangostana rind is considerably lower than the quantity found in G. gummi-gutta ( G. cambogia ) which amounts to about 50–60% w / w [ 62 ]. Previous studies showed that hydroxycitric acid has anti-obesity properties at 710–2390 mg/kg/day, much higher than the dose given in this study [ 62 , 63 , 64 ]. Thus, while α-mangostin is the most likely bioactive compound, the presence of these other compounds could enhance the effects of α-mangostin.…”

Anti-obesity effects of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) leaf extract on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high fat diet-fed mice

“…15 G. gummi-gutta extract, a commercial anti-obesity ingredient, was used as a positive control to compare the efficacy of PLE. 16…”

“…15 G. gummi-gutta extract, a commercial anti-obesity ingredient, was used as a positive control to compare the efficacy of PLE. 16 Adipogenesis, the cellular differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes, is a complex process regulated by many factors. The 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line is the most popular cell model for adipogenesis and a reliable in vitro model for studying the molecular mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation.…”