Selected Mechanical and Physical Properties of Thermally Modified Wood after Field Exposure Tests

Dong, Huijun; Hasanagić, Redžo; Fathi, Leila; Bahmani, Mohsen; Kržišnik, Davor; Keržič, Eli; Humar, Miha

doi:10.3390/f14051006

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The results obtained indicate a relationship between temperature and the outcomes of sclerometric tests. Generally, the mechanical properties of wood decrease when it is heated and increase upon cooling [32,33]. Similarly, in other non-destructive and semidestructive testing methods for wood, the impact of temperature on the results has been observed [34,35].…”

Section: Impact Of Testing Direction Relative To Annual Growth Rings ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction Factors for Sclerometric Test Results in the Technical Assessment of Timber Structural Elements under Diverse Conditions

Jaskowska-Lemańska,

Wałach,

Górka-Stańczyk

2023

Materials

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Research on existing wooden structures relies on non-destructive and semi-destructive techniques. One of the methods enabling the estimation of the physico-mechanical characteristics of wood in building structures based on established correlational relationships is the sclerometric method. The challenge in utilizing these known correlational relationships is the lack of data regarding the impact of frequently occurring factors in objects on sclerometric test results. This paper presents the influence of selected factors on the results of sclerometric tests, such as temperature, the direction of testing in relation to annual growth rings, and the physical orientation of the measuring device. The research was conducted on pine, spruce, and fir elements, each subjected exclusively to the influence of one of these factors. The study indicates that these factors should not be overlooked in assessing technical conditions using sclerometric testing methods. The impact of temperature on sclerometric test results is relatively small; a change in temperature of 10 °C results in an average test outcome change of approximately 3%. Conversely, changing the orientation of the measuring device from horizontal to vertical can alter the test result by up to 10%. The direction of testing relative to the annual increments of wood also has a significant impact on the test results, but incorporating this factor into practice seems to be quite difficult, and in the case of elements with substantial cross-sections, it is also not required. The obtained results enable the application of established correlational relationships in the structural analysis of wooden elements for which access is challenging, especially under temperature conditions different from the reference, 20 °C.

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Section: Impact Of Testing Direction Relative To Annual Growth Rings ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correction Factors for Sclerometric Test Results in the Technical Assessment of Timber Structural Elements under Diverse Conditions

Jaskowska-Lemańska,

Wałach,

Górka-Stańczyk

2023

Materials

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“…However, the results indicated that the process had a high energy consumption. Dong et al (2023) studied a thermal modification process utilizing superheated steam. They demonstrated the positive effect of thermal modification on the fir wood after 12 months of weathering that suggests that this wood species may be more suitable for outdoor applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of wood via biochar particle impregnation

Langella,

Mikulijan,

Han

et al. 2024

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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Thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) densification was performed on Picea abies (spruce), Abies alba (European fir), Populus nigra (poplar), and Fagus sylvatica (beech). Prior to THM treatment, the wood was impregnated with an aqueous solution containing 1%, 2.5%, and 5% biochar. Mechanical characteristics (modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture), set-recovery, and contact angle were measured and compared for all samples in relation to the percentage of biochar present in the mixture. Impregnation with biochar/water mixture in combination with THM treatment resulted in densified wood with improved properties. Spruce showed the most notable improvement in water resistance, in addition to having the largest reduction in set-recovery at 57% and the highest contact angle value at 120°. There was also significant improvement in the mechanical properties of spruce wood, especially when impregnated with 2.5% and 5% of biochar, with MOE values of 17.09 and 18.61 GPa and MOR values of 190.47 and 176.41 MPa, respectively. The only comparable values were observed in beech impregnated with 2.5% biochar mixture, with a MOR value of 204.6 MPa. These findings highlight the effectiveness of biochar-enhanced impregnation together with THM treatment in improving the structural and mechanical properties of wood, with distinct improvements observed in spruce and a few improvements in beech.

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Selected Mechanical and Physical Properties of Thermally Modified Wood after Field Exposure Tests

Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

Correction Factors for Sclerometric Test Results in the Technical Assessment of Timber Structural Elements under Diverse Conditions

Correction Factors for Sclerometric Test Results in the Technical Assessment of Timber Structural Elements under Diverse Conditions

Modification of wood via biochar particle impregnation

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