Selected Good Practices in the Hungarian Agricultural Heritage

Abstract

Agriculture has always played a determining role in Hungarian landscapes. Forested areas were also under agricultural use; however, their use changed, starting at least from the Middle Ages when the need for new arable fields resulted in a tremendous decrease in forested areas. The protection of forests started for many reasons, saving them for fuelwood and construction materials. This is the reason why there were periods when forests of the Carpathian Basin suffered from considerable pressure, and even today, this pressure continues; however, the source changed from animal husbandry to tourism, forestry, and wildlife management, or rather hunting. This created the need to search for and analyse former sustainable use of the forests. Furthermore, the consideration of the use of trees/treelines is under the scope of helping the climate adaptation of arable fields. Wooded grasslands have also been mapped and various analyses were done, related to their survival. We wish to introduce some of the ancestral forms of the agricultural use of Hungarian farming, where trees play an important role, their origin, distribution, threatening factors, and their future. Sustainable arable farming systems with trees, including wood-pastures; orchard grasslands and conventional, organic, and permaculture horticultural farms with various proportion of tree cover, will be described.

Botanikai és tájhasználat-történeti kutatások Balaton-felvidéki felhagyott szőlőkben

“…A dombvidéki felhagyott szőlők természetvédelmi jelentőségére számos kutatás rávilágított az elmúlt két évtizedben. Biró et al (2012) a Zalai-dombság, Malatinszky és Penksza (2004) a Putnoki-dombság, Mravcsik et al (2009), illetve Malatinszky és Mravcsik (2013) az Északi-Cserhát, Dedák és Sulyán (2014) a Kelet-Cserhát, Oszkocsil (2014) a Sajó-völgy, Malatinszky et al (2008) és Stefán (2018) a Szuha-völgy, Centeri et al (2021) az ország több pontján vizsgálta szőlőhegyek tájhasználat-történeti és növényzeti viszonyait, és egyöntetűen megállapítják, hogy a felhagyott parcellák számos védett állat-és növényfajnak adnak otthont, természetvédelmi értékük sok esetben kiemelkedő.…”

The Transformation of Rural Areas Located in China’s Agricultural Heritage Systems under the Evolution of Urban–Rural Relationships

“…agricultural landscapes, and biodiversity developed by the long-term adaptation o areas to their environment while facilitating regional sustainable development. Ch covered 19 GIAHS and 126 China-NIAHS (Chinaʹs own national-level Important A tural Heritage Systems selected by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) th Compared with conventional agriculture, agricultural heritage refers to a typical sentative of sustainable agriculture for its nature-centered complex livelihood act and the conventional ecological knowledge (TEK) covered in it is capable of ada managing natural resources [1][2][3]. The connotation of Agricultural Heritage System villages has changed in contrast to ordinary villages (Figure 1).…”

“…There is a higher possibility for the advantages of traditional agriculture to be preserved while efficient modernized modes are brought into the production of AHS than in normal rural areas. 3 The functions of rural agriculture become more diverse nowadays in China. AHS villages are important endogenous resources for rural development [9].…”

Talajkímélő művelés hatása a földigilisztákra egy Zala megyei tartamkísérletben

“…Several attempts of sustainable arable farming are known (CENTERI et al 2021). Soil conservation tillage (CT) systems are no-till, minimum-till, reduced tillage, etc., and we can also include regeneration farming as well.…”