Selected Experimental Results from Heavy-Ion Collisions at LHC

Singh, R.; Kumar, L.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Mohanty, B.

doi:10.1155/2013/761474

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 262 publications

(335 reference statements)

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“…All the fits are made by using the weighted data as above. One can see that the power-law fit describes well the head-on collision measurements (see also [14]) and, within the errors, does not differ from the linear-log or the hybrid functions up to the RHIC energies. However, it deviates from the most central collision hybrid fit as soon as the LHC measurements are included.…”

Section: Insupporting

confidence: 61%

mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…However, the expectation to observe this type of universality in hadronic and nuclear collisions at similar c.m. energy per nucleon has not been shown by the data where the measurements in hadron-hadron collisions show significantly lower values compared to those in central heavy-ion collisions [13,14].To interpret these observations, the energy dissipation approach of constituent quark participants has been proposed in [15,16] by two of the authors of this paper. In this picture, the process of particle production is driven by the amount of energy deposited by interacting participants into the small Lorentz-contracted volume during the early stage of the collision.…”

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confidence: 82%

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Effective-energy budget in multiparticle production in nuclear collisions

et al. 2014

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The dependencies of charged particle pseudorapidity density and transverse energy pseudorapidity density at midrapidity on the collision energy and on the number of nucleon participants, or centrality, measured in nucleusnucleus collisions are studied in the energy range spanning a few GeV to a few TeV per nucleon. The approach in which the multiparticle production is driven by the dissipating effective energy of participants is introduced. This approach is based on the earlier proposed consideration, combining the constituent quark picture together with Landau relativistic hydrodynamics shown to interrelate the measurements from different types of collisions. Within this picture, the dependence on the number of participants in heavy-ion collisions are found to be well described in terms of the effective energy defined as a centrality-dependent fraction of the collision energy. For both variables under study, the effective-energy approach reveals a similarity in the energy dependence obtained for the most central collisions and centrality data in the entire available energy range. Predictions are made for the investigated dependencies for the forthcoming higher-energy measurements in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. 1.Multiparticle production in high-energy particle and nuclear collisions attracts high interest, as, on the one hand, the observables measured first in high-energy collisions, namely multiplicity and transverse energy, are immediate characteristics of this process and bring important information on the underlying dynamics of strong interactions, while on the other hand, this process still eludes its complete understanding. It is already more than half a century as the multia e-mail: Aditya.Nath.Mishra@cern.ch b e-mail: Raghunath.Sahoo@cern.ch c e-mail: sedward@mail.cern.ch d e-mail: Alexandre.Sakharov@cern.ch plicity of the produced particles are considered to be derived by the collision energy [1][2][3]. In this picture the energy pumped into the collision zone in the very first stage of the collision defines the volume of the interaction lump of participant patterns. Later on, the approach of "wounded" nucleons, or nucleon participants, has been proposed to describe the multiplicity and particle distributions [4]; for a review, see [5]. In this approach the multiplicity is expected to be proportional to the number of participants. However, it was observed at RHIC and similarly at LHC energies, the concept of wounded nucleons does not describe the measurements where the data found to demonstrate an increase with the number of nucleon participants. The problem has been addressed in the nuclear overlap model using Monte Carlo simulation in the constituent quark framework, and the scaling has been shown to be restored [6][7][8][9][10][11]. In addition, it was observed that the multiplicity and midrapidity-density distributions are similar in e + e − and in the most central (headon) nuclear collisions [12] at the same center-of-mass (c.m.) energy pointing to the universality of multihadron pro...

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Section: Insupporting

confidence: 61%

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confidence: 69%

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confidence: 82%

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Effective-energy budget in multiparticle production in nuclear collisions

et al. 2014

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“…In the same manner, the Figure 13 shows the influence of the 2SC phase on the chemical potential q µ , which is found when one solves the system of equations that includes (1). The color superconductivity tends to decrease the values of q µ .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…It is possible to quote the recent results found in the framework of the RHIC and LHC programs. It notably concerns the observed behavior of the quark matter at high temperatures, assimilated to the one of a perfect fluid [1,2]. From a theoretical point of view, the quark physics is also a fascinating topic of investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color superconductivity in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model complemented by a Polyakov loop

Blanquier¹

2017

Eur. Phys. J. A

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The color superconductivity was studied with an adaptation of the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model (NJL). This one was coupled to a Polyakov loop, to form the PNJL model. A µdependent Polyakov loop potential was considered. An objective of the presented works was to describe the analytical calculations required to establish the equations to be solved, in all of the treated cases. They concerned the normal quark phase, the 2-flavor color-superconducting and the color-flavor-locked phases, in an ( ) ( ) 3 3 f c SU SU × description. The calculationswere performed according to the temperature T , the chemical potentials f µ or according to the densities f ρ , with or without the isospin symmetry. Among the obtained results, it was found that at low T , the restoration of the chiral symmetry, the deconfinement transition and the transition between the normal quark and 2-flavor color-superconducting phases occur via first order phase transitions at the same chemical potential. Moreover, an sSC phase was identified in the , q s ρ ρ plane.PACS numbers: 11.10. Wx, 11.30.Rd, 25.75.Nq ( )3 flavor SU description, one mainly mentions the 2-flavor color-superconducting (2SC) phase, in which u and d quarks form pairs, and the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase that involves ud, us and ds pairs. Other phases were also imagined: recent works related to this topic [19][20][21][22][23][24] show rather complex phase diagrams to represent them. In Nature, some of these ones are expected to constitute the core of neutron stars or, more generally, of compact stars. Future accelerator programs plan to explore the high densities regions of the phase diagram. Color superconductivity may be probably accessible to them [25]. To describe the color superconductivity theoretically, the QCD should be the best tool to be considered. However, at high densities, some difficulties appear in a QCD description involving the three quark colors, caused by the fermion sign problem [26]. Even if some approaches have been developed to take this problem into account [5], it constitutes a serious limitation in the study of the dense matter with the QCD.The Nambu and Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model [27,28] constitutes a reliable alternative. The main idea of this approach consists in gathering the various interactions between the quarks/antiquarks in punctual ones. It leads to consider massive gluons, described by constant terms. So, the gluon degrees of freedom are frozen in this description [29]. This model was progressively improved [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], in order to obtain an interesting approach to describe the quark physics at low energies. With the use of Matsubara's formalism [43], the NJL approach is fully able to work at finite temperature. The model is also usable at finite chemical potentials or finite densities. As a consequence, the NJL model appears as a serious candidate to study the color superconductivity. In fact, even if other models may also be considered, like the Dyson-Schwinger approach [44,45] or the instanton...

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The U-Matrix geometrical model for multi-particle production in high-energy hadronic collisions

Oueslati,

Trabelsi

2024

J. High Energ. Phys.

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Inspired by the picture portraying the KNO scaling violation as an extension of the geometrical scaling violation, the current study proposes a phenomenological model for multi-particle production in hadron collisions based on the geometrical approach and using the U-Matrix unitarization scheme of the scattering amplitude. The model has been fine-tuned and all parameters have been derived from optimal fits to various hadronic multiplicity distributions data in p + $$ p\left(\overline{p}\right) $$ p p ¯ collisions across a broad range of energies. The results have revealed that our model furnishes a reasonable description of diverse multiplicity distributions at various energies. Besides, they have demonstrated a pronounced violation of the geometrical scaling, which eventually resulted in a significant violation of the KNO scaling. The study has also analyzed the higher-order moments of the multiplicity distribution. We have observed an unexpected overestimation of the fluctuations and correlations between final state particles with increasing energy, particularly above LHC energy. It is claimed that this overestimation is due to statistical fluctuations embedded in the U-matrix scheme. The findings of this study have shed light on the key role of the U-matrix scheme in the impact of collision geometry on multi-particle production processes at high energy.

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Selected Experimental Results from Heavy-Ion Collisions at LHC

Cited by 23 publications

References 262 publications

Effective-energy budget in multiparticle production in nuclear collisions

Effective-energy budget in multiparticle production in nuclear collisions

Color superconductivity in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model complemented by a Polyakov loop

The U-Matrix geometrical model for multi-particle production in high-energy hadronic collisions

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