Selected Enteropathogens and Clinical Course in Children Hospitalized with Severe Acute Gastroenteritis in Barbados

Kumar, Alok; Browne, Chantelle; Scotland, Shauna; Krishnamurthy, Kandamaran; Nielsen, Anders

doi:10.12816/0023997

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In contrast, studies from the US (42%) and Shangai (17.2%) reported NTS as the leading cause of bacterial enteric illness, which was much higher than that reported in our study (15,28). Similarly, a study from the West Indies reported a higher rate of NTS (21.1%) compared to our results (29).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Yang

Meng

Liu

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) especially the invasive NTS (iNTS) is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases with a significant increase in antibiotic resistance. Objectives: We determined the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility of NTS and iNTS isolated from stool and blood samples of children aged 2 -15 years, respectively. Methods: A total of 537 stool and 405 blood samples were collected from 613 children with symptomatic gastroenteritis between January 2016 and May 2018. Samples were subjected to microbiological analysis and antibiotic resistance was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. β-lactamase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results:A total of a total of 213 (39.7%) and 165 (40.7%) stool and blood samples grew Salmonella sp, respectively. Of these; 54 (10.1%) and 38 (9.4%) were identified as NTS and iNTS, respectively. Nalidixic acid (54.3%) resistance was the most the predominant resistance followed by ciprofloxacin (47.8%), cefotaxime (41.3%) and gentamicin (39.1%) among our isolates. The rate of resistance among iNTS was comparable and there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference observed in the resistance pattern between NTS and iNTS isolates. Among the resistant isolates, blaCMY-2gene (32.6%) was the most commonly detected gene. Conclusions: Overall, Salmonella typhimurium was the predominant species identified and blaCMY-2was the predominant gene amplified by our isolates. The high prevalence and increased resistance especially among iNTS is a cause of concern and reiterates the need to test blood samples along with the stool samples for better management of gastroenteritis.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Yang

Meng

Liu

et al. 2019

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR, resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobials) bacteria poses a serious threat to public health ( Kumar et al, 2014 ; Jain et al, 2020 ). Salmonella is one of the common pathogens that can cause bacterial intestinal infections and diarrhea in developed and developing countries ( Lokken et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of mcr-1-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Isolated From Intestinal Infection in Children and Pork Offal in China

et al. 2022

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With the rapid emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1, the increased resistance of Salmonella has attracted extensive attention. This study reports on 11 multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains harboring mcr-1 in China. They all presented resistance to colistin, and additionally, one that was isolated from a child’s stool sample was also resistant to ceftriaxone and azithromycin. We screened 1454 strains of Salmonella for mcr-1 gene through PCR, and these strains are all preserved in our laboratory. Antimicrobial sensitivity analysis was carried out for the screened mcr-1 positive strains. Genetic polymorphism analysis of S. Typhimurium was performed by using the Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). The plasmids harboring mcr-1 were identified by S1-PFGE and southern blotting. Plasmid conjugation assays were used to analyze the transferability of colistin resistance. The plasmids harboring mcr-1 were characterized by sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Eleven S. Typhimurium strains harboring mcr-1 with colistin resistance (MICs 4μg/ml) were detected, which were isolated from children and pig offal in China. All of them were multidrug-resistant strains. PFGE results revealed that the strains isolated from different samples or locations have identical genotypes. S1-PFGE and southern blotting experiments showed that three plasmids of different sizes (33, 60, and 250 kb) all carried the mcr-1 gene. The plasmid conjugation assays revealed that Salmonella acquired mcr-1 harboring plasmids by horizontal transfer. Sequencing and plasmid type analysis revealed that these plasmids were types IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2. Among them, IncX4 and IncI2 plasmids had extremely similar backbones and contained one resistant gene mcr-1. IncHI2 plasmid contained multiple resistant genes including blaCTX–M, oqxB, sul, aph, aadA, and blaTEM. We identified 11 mcr-1 harboring S. Typhimurium strains in China and described their characteristics. Our findings indicate that the mcr-1 gene can effectively spread among intestinal bacteria by horizontal transfer of three types of plasmids. Moreover, the IncHI2 plasmid can also mediate the transfer of other drug resistance genes. These results reveal that constant surveillance of mcr-1 harboring S Typhimurium is imperative to prevent the spread of colistin resistance.

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“…Recently, Maria et al [1] while reviewing foodborne diseases in the Caribbean reported Salmonella spp. as the main cause of the disease in Trinidad and Tobago [2], Dominica [3], St. Lucia [4], Grenada [5], and Barbados [6]. Reptiles including various species of tortoises have been shown to carry zoonotic pathogens including Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) from Grenada, West Indies

et al. 2020

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Background and Aim: There is currently no published information on the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pet red-footed tortoises in Grenada. Monitoring is essential to understand the dynamics of the epidemiology of Salmonella. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. from pet red-footed tortoises from Grenada and to test for antimicrobial drug resistance of the isolates. Materials and Methods: Established bacterial culture, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility methods were used. Fecal samples were obtained from 114 tortoises from five parishes of Grenada, and cultured for Salmonella using enrichment and selective culture techniques. The serotyping of isolated Salmonella was performed at the Office International des Epizooties Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility in the Microbiology Laboratory of the School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, Grenada. Results: Fifteen tortoises (13.2%) out of 114 were positive for Salmonella spp. Five serovars were identified: Salmonella Javiana (6.3%), Salmonella Rubislaw (6.3%), Salmonella Saintpaul (18.75%), Salmonella Glostrup (6.3%), and S. I: Rough.O;e,h:1,2 (62.5%). All isolates were sensitive to the 12 antimicrobial drugs. Conclusion: Three serovars (S. Javiana, S. Saintpaul, and S. Rubislaw) are known pathogens causing disease in humans. Since tortoises included in the study were pets, the tortoises may be a possible source of transmission of Salmonella to their owners. The tortoise owners should be educated on the importance of hygienic raising of their pets. This is the first report of isolation of Salmonella spp. from pet red-footed tortoises in Grenada.

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Selected Enteropathogens and Clinical Course in Children Hospitalized with Severe Acute Gastroenteritis in Barbados

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Genetic Characterization of mcr-1-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium Isolated From Intestinal Infection in Children and Pork Offal in China

Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria) from Grenada, West Indies

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