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Liyanage, U. A.; Fernando, Jayaindra; Ediriweera, Dileepa Senajith; Wijenayake, Wasantha

doi:10.4038/sljs.v35i4.8325

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…Of five Oryza species recognized in Sri Lanka, O. rufipogon and O. nivara are the most common and widely distributed species (Liyanage and Senanayake 2010;Vaughan et al 2008). Importantly, the two wild rice species are parapatric in distribution, with O. rufipogon confined to the wet zone and O. nivara to the dry zone of the country (Liyanage and Senanayake 2010;Sandamal et al 2018;Vaughan et al 2008). This is in marked contrast to the distribution pattern in many other areas in which the two species are largely sympatric despite different habitats (Cai et al 2019;Kuroda et al 2007;Liu et al 2015;Sano et al 1980;Vaughan et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Sri Lanka exhibited diversified and well-understood ecosystems that consist of three main ecological zones (wet, dry, and intermediate) (Fig. 1) (Liyanage and Senanayake 2010;Sandamal et al 2018;Seo et al 2005). Of five Oryza species recognized in Sri Lanka, O. rufipogon and O. nivara are the most common and widely distributed species (Liyanage and Senanayake 2010;Vaughan et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) (Liyanage and Senanayake 2010;Sandamal et al 2018;Seo et al 2005). Of five Oryza species recognized in Sri Lanka, O. rufipogon and O. nivara are the most common and widely distributed species (Liyanage and Senanayake 2010;Vaughan et al 2008). Importantly, the two wild rice species are parapatric in distribution, with O. rufipogon confined to the wet zone and O. nivara to the dry zone of the country (Liyanage and Senanayake 2010;Sandamal et al 2018;Vaughan et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenological and morphological variations of Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara in Sri Lanka and their evolutionary implications

Ge,

Sandamal,

Tennakoon

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Phenological and morphological variation are widely viewed as a pivotal driver of ecological adaptation and speciation. Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara, the wild progenitors of cultivated rice, are most closely related and provide a unique system for investigating ecological adaption and speciation. Here, we investigate variation patterns of flowering phenology and morphological traits within and between O. rufipogon and O. nivara populations in Sri Lanka by incorporating the in situ observation in natural habitats and manipulative experiments in common gardens. First, we observed varying degrees of phenological variation under different temporal and environmental conditions, suggesting that flowering phenology of two Oryza species is highly plastic and vary depending on both environment and management practices. Particularly, the Sri Lankan O. nivara exhibits high plasticity in flowering phenology with water availability being a primary determinant, implying that O. nivara might not be an annual in the strict sense. Second, we unexpectedly found that flowering time of the two species in Sri Lanka overlapped to a large extent, which suggests that the primary factor to maintain the species divergence in Sri Lanka may not be flowering time but rather environments. Third, we uncovered two distinct morphological groups, corresponding to O. rufipogon and O. nivara and show that habitat difference rather than spatial isolation is the main explanation for the phenotypic divergence between species. Moreover, our results indicate a substantial link between morphological variation and several major climatic factors including altitude, temperature and rainfall. Finally, our selection analysis suggests that interspecific divergence in the traits related to reproduction and habitat preference is most likely driven by natural selection. Together, our case study on the Sri Lankan O. rufipogon and O. nivara enhances the understanding of the roles of phenotypic plasticity and environmental factors in the processes of adaptation and speciation.

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