Select metal adsorption by activated carbon made from peanut shells

Wilson, K.P.; Hong, Yang; Seo, Chung W.; Marshall, Wayne E.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2005.10.043

Cited by 268 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A small amount of these wastes is used as animal feeding or valued by incineration. 19 Nevertheless, the greater part is disposed of in landfills with the subsequent high environmental impact. Peanut shell is composed of natural polymers, mainly consisting in cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and tannins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of green composites from bio‐based polyethylene and peanut shell

Garcia‐Garcia

Carbonell‐Verdu

Jordá‐Vilaplana

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In the present work, different compatibilizers, namely polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene-graft-maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) were used on green composites derived from biobased polyethylene and peanut shell flour to improve particle-polymer interaction. Composites of high-density polyethylene/peanut shell powder (HDPE/PNS) with 10 wt% peanut shell flour were compatibilized with 3 wt% of the abovementioned compatibilizers. As per the results, PP-g-MA copolymer lead to best optimized properties as evidenced by mechanical characterization. In addition, best particle-matrix interface interactions with PP-g-MA were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently HDPE/PNS composites with varying peanut shell flour content in the 5 -30 wt% range with PP-g-MA compatibilizer were obtained by melt extrusion and compounding followed by injection molding and were characterized by mechanical, thermal and morphological techniques. The results showed that peanut shell powder, leads to an increase in mechanical resistant properties (mainly, flexural modulus and strength) while a decrease in mechanical ductile properties i.e. elongation at break and impact absorbed energy is observed with increasing peanut shell flour content. Furthermore, peanut shell flour provides an increase in thermal stability due to the natural antioxidant properties of peanut shell. In particular, composites containing 30 wt% peanut shell powder present a flexural strength 24% and a flexural modulus 72% higher than the unfilled polyethylene and the thermo-oxidative onset degradation temperature is increased from 232 ºC up to 254 ºC thus indicating a marked thermal stabilization effect. Resultant composites can show a great deal of potential as base materials for wood plastic composites.3

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of green composites from bio‐based polyethylene and peanut shell

Garcia‐Garcia

Carbonell‐Verdu

Jordá‐Vilaplana

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Peanut shells are a renewable resource that could be targeted for purposeful use in the food, feed, paper and bioenergy industries. However, as yet, few if any value-added uses exist for them [7].Over the years, various attempts to utilize peanut shells have been made. Small fractions were incorporated into animal feed, especially for cattle [8], while some authors have experimented on their use as dietary fiber for humans [9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Co-Substrating of Peanut Shells with Cornstalks Enhances Biodegradation by Pleurotus ostreatus

FN¹,

Yusuf²

2016

J Bioremed Biodeg

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IntroductionPeanut shells (PS) are abundant agro-industrial waste products that are recalcitrant to degradation under natural conditions [1]. The increasing expansion of peanut production has led to accumulation of large quantities of these shells all over the world. In the US alone, peanut production increased by 45% between 2011 and 2012, bringing production to 3.04 million metric tons [2]. Globally, 45.6 million metric tons of peanuts are produced annually [3]. It has been estimated that for every kg of peanuts produced, 230-300 g of peanut shells are generated [4]. Therefore, as much as 13.7 million metric tons of peanut shells are churned out every year, most of which are dumped into the environment or burned [5,6]. Peanut shells are a renewable resource that could be targeted for purposeful use in the food, feed, paper and bioenergy industries. However, as yet, few if any value-added uses exist for them [7].Over the years, various attempts to utilize peanut shells have been made. Small fractions were incorporated into animal feed, especially for cattle [8], while some authors have experimented on their use as dietary fiber for humans [9]. Other non-food research trials include uses in pulp production [10], feedstock for bioethanol production [11,12], particle board component [13], mulch and activated charcoal [7]. However, the major drawback to their use in large scale industrial operations is the high lignin content.Much like other agricultural lignocellulolysic biomass, peanut shells are composed mainly of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Lignin, a complex polymer, is the most recalcitrant component of plant biomass [14] and binds tightly to, and provides a physical seal around, cellulose and hemicellulose [11,[15][16][17][18], thereby protecting them against attack by hydrolytic enzymes. The restricted bioavailability of these sugars and other components is thought to be largely physical, with lignin molecules reducing the surface area available to enzymatic penetration and activity [19]. In order to gain access to the sugars in cellulose and AbstractWorld consumption of peanuts has increased tremendously, resulting in abundance of peanut shell waste. The high lignin content of peanut shells limits their bioconversion to useful products or recycling. Therefore, the synergy in co-substrating peanut shells (PS) and cornstalks (CS) to enhance biodegradation was evaluated. Various compositions of peanut shells and cornstalks (% dry weight) herein called co-substrate -90PS:10CS, 75PS:25CS, 50PS:50CS, 25PS:75CS, 10PS:90CS, and two controls Cont1-100PS and Cont2-100CS were studied under solid state fermentation (SSF) with a white rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus for 120 days. A two-factorial experiment in a completely randomized design (CRD) was used. Results showed that substrate composition and fermentation time were important variables in substrate degradation. Lignin degradation, losses in organic matter, cellulose and hemicellulose increased with time. Increasing the composition of CS in co-substrates...

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“…Activated carbon derived from various agricultural waste products, such as almond husks (Hasar 2003), peanut shells (Wilson et al 2006), guava seeds (Zewail and ElGarf 2010), tamarind nuts (Suganthi and Srinivasan 2011), apricot stones (Kobya et al 2005), olive stone (Ugurlu et al 2009; Tamer M. Alslaibi et al 2014), cottonseed cakes (Ozbay 2009), coconut oil cakes (Hema and Srinivasan 2010), palm shell (Onundi et al 2010), peganum harmala-L (Ghasemi et al 2014a, b), Lycopersicum esculentum (Tomato) leaf powder (Gutha et al 2014), pine apple and bamboo stem (Rajesh et al 2014), have been successfully applied toward nickel (II) removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel (II) removal using modified Citrus limettioides peel

Ramasamy

Srinivasan

2015

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The Ni(II) adsorption capacity of carbon derived from Citrus limettioides peel (CLP), which is a novel waste material (CLPC), was evaluated regarding contact time, pH and adsorbent dose during batch adsorption processes with raw CLP. The optimal contact time for the adsorption of Ni(II) ions onto the peel and peel carbon was 3 h, and the optimal pH ranged from 5.0 to 8.0 for CLP and 4.0-8.0 for CLPC, respectively. The removal percentage decreased from 85.0 to 70.0 % for CLP and remained nearly constant (99 %) for CLPC when the initial Ni(II) concentration was increased from 10 to 50 mg L -1 . The equilibrium data fit the Langmuir isotherm with a high R 2 value, indicating that the Ni(II) ions formed a homogenous monolayer on the adsorbent surface. Adsorption capacity of Ni(II) ions on peel (CLP) and peel carbon (CLPC) was found to be 25.64 and 38.46 mg g -1 , respectively. The surface morphology and functionality of the CLP and CLPC before and after adsorption were characterized using SEM, EDX and FT-IR. Various thermodynamic parameters, including the standard Gibbs free energy (DG°), standard enthalpy (DH°) and standard entropy (DS°), were evaluated. The CLP and CLPC were tested with Ni(II) plating wastewater through a batch-mode process over five cycles; CLPC showed better results than CLP.

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Select metal adsorption by activated carbon made from peanut shells

Cited by 268 publications

References 9 publications

Development and characterization of green composites from bio‐based polyethylene and peanut shell

Development and characterization of green composites from bio‐based polyethylene and peanut shell

Co-Substrating of Peanut Shells with Cornstalks Enhances Biodegradation by Pleurotus ostreatus

Nickel (II) removal using modified Citrus limettioides peel

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