SELCOM: Selective Compression Scheme for Lightweight Nodes in Blockchain System

Abstract

With the development of blockchain technology, participants need to have huge storage volumes to deal with the growing blockchain ledger size over time. This requirement leads to the conditional participation and verification of participants, thus weakening the decentralization of a blockchain system. Several compression schemes have been proposed to mitigate this storage problem by compressing a blockchain ledger based on redundancy, modular functions, and hash functions. However, these schemes have the limitation of accumulating the compression results to validate the retained blocks. The accumulation gradually reduces the storage volume for the blockchain ledger within the storage volume of nodes with limited resources, thus reducing the verification capability of the nodes. In this paper, a selective compression scheme using a checkpoint-chain is proposed to prevent the accumulation of compression results. The checkpoint-chain is a second blockchain that stores the checkpoints compressing existing blocks through a block Merkle tree. An update process is also proposed to prevent the accumulation of checkpoints by combining them. As numerous blocks can be verified with only a few updated checkpoints, blockchain nodes with limited resources can reduce the storage volume for the blockchain ledger and achieve high verification capabilities. Finally, compared with the existing compression schemes, the proposed scheme can achieve an average reduction in the storage overhead and an average increase in the verification capability of 76.02% and 13.90%, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding performance improvements are 86.14% and 15.44% when the update process is performed, respectively.

Survey on Blockchain-Based IoT Payment and Marketplaces

“…The Storage Compression Consensus (SCC) algorithm used by Teasung Kim et al [145] compresses a blockchain in each device to prevent storage capacity limitations in lightweight IoT devices. Teasung Kim et al [146] proposed a selective compression scheme using a checkpoint-chain to prevent the limitation of accumulating the compression results which needs to validate the retained blocks. MD.…”

An Overview of Technologies for Improving Storage Efficiency in Blockchain-Based IIoT Applications

“…Block compression schemes aim at reducing the storage overhead of the blockchain by compressing the block after it is generated and committed to the blockchain. Kim et al [54] proposed SELCOM, a selective compression scheme using a Block Merkle Tree, for lightweight nodes in blockchain systems. As shown in Figure 4, SELCOM allows nodes to maintain blocks selectively through a second chain called a checkpoint chain.…”

Ring-Overlap: A Storage Scaling Mechanism for Hyperledger Fabric

“…Meepo improves cross-shard efficiency by utilizing cross-epoch and cross-call. Kim et al [25] proposed a selective compression scheme that uses checkpoint chains to prevent compression results from accumulating. A large number of blocks can be verified by using a small number of updated checkpoints, allowing blockchain nodes to reduce the blockchain ledger's storage capacity.…”

“…This paper, inspired by the literature [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], proposes a storage scaling mechanism for consortium blockchain, and uses it to scale Hyperledger Fabric. Store stated data in a fully redundant manner to ensure transaction verification; store block data in a sharded manner to reduce redundancy; and implement an economic incentive mechanism to reduce storage consumption while ensuring data availability.…”

“…Kim et al [25] To avoid the accumulation of compression results, a selective compression scheme based on checkpoint chains is proposed. An update process is also proposed to prevent the accumulation of checkpoints by merging them.…”