Selbstwertprofile und ihre Korrelate im Lern- und Leistungskontext: Eine latente Profilanalyse

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Der Selbstwert ist eines der am häufigsten untersuchten Konstrukte der Psychologie. Lange verfolgte die Forschung zum Selbstwert einen variablenzentrierten Ansatz, mit dem lediglich die einzelnen Selbstwertfacetten betrachtet wurden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden erstmalig verschiedene Kombinationen von Selbstwerthöhe, -stabilität und -kontingenz untersucht und deren Korrelate im Lern- und Leistungskontext analysiert. In latenten Profilanalysen konnten in drei Online-Studien (ngesamt = 2499) neben dem Profil des „optimalen Selbstwerts“ ( Kernis, 2003 ) vier weitere Selbstwertprofile identifiziert werden. Diese Selbstwertprofile gehen mit unterschiedlichen Konsequenzen einher. So weist etwa das Profil „optimaler Selbstwert“ die günstigsten Ergebnismuster auf, was sich beispielhaft in einer häufigen Nutzung tiefenorientierter Lernstrategien niederschlägt. Insgesamt legen die Befunde nahe, dass eine mehrdimensionale Betrachtung des Selbstwerts präzisere Verhaltensvorhersagen ermöglicht. Implikationen für die weitere Forschung und Praxis werden diskutiert.

What if parental love is conditional …? Children’s self-esteem profiles and their relationship with parental conditional regard and self-kindness

“…Children and adolescents who notice that they do not achieve the desired successes and do not receive positive feedback despite their efforts may give up on themselves [ 52 , 53 ]. Lastly, a fourth profile, in which all three facets are average and undifferentiated, would also be conceivable and in line with previous research [ 54 ].…”

“…However, a corresponding SE profile may be more likely to be found in adults and particularly in clinical sub-populations, as it is primarily associated with narcissism (e.g., [ 28 , 47 , 50 , 96 ]). Furthermore, an insecure SE profile with an average SE level as well as a profile of learned helplessness have been identified in a previous person-oriented approach, but only in a particularly large and selective sample [ 54 ]. Since learned helplessness is associated with a lack of perspective; prolonged failures; and internal, stable, and uncontrollable attributions (e.g., [ 97 ]), it can be assumed that a corresponding SE profile would develop primarily at older ages.…”

“…This study’s identification of mainly quantitative rather than qualitative differences between the profiles (forming a continuum comprising optimal-secure , good , average , and low-insecure SE) may challenge the assumption of independent SE facets. Profiles with strong discrepancies between SE instability and contingency were not found in children and adolescents (nor in the group of psychology and education undergraduates studied by Kärchner & Schwinger; [ 54 ]). Although qualitatively different profiles, such as high-insecure SE or learned helplessness, are still expected to occur in other sub-populations, these profiles do not show discrepancies between SE instability and contingency either.…”

“…Despite the aforementioned considerations regarding qualitatively different SE profiles, identifications of the number and composition of the profiles are exploratory, as there is little evidence regarding the holistic view of the three SE facets [ 54 ], and current findings on the individual SE facets are inconclusive.…”

Beyond level of self-esteem: exploring the interplay of level, stability, and contingency of self-esteem, mediating factors, and academic achievement

“…In order to explain the missing interactive effects, it is conceivable that some people with a high, stable, and contingent self-esteem achieve stronger effects and at the same time people with a low, unstable, and contingent self-esteem achieve significantly lower effects, which ultimately average themselves out and thus do not become significant. Kärchner and Schwinger (2018) identified subgroups of students with different self-esteem profiles, which in turn were differently associated with important outcomes. To disentangle these effects of between-person differences of constellations of the three facets, person-centered approaches like latent profile analysis may be promising in further studies.…”