Sekundäre Viktimisierung durch die Polizei?

How to Reduce Online Hate Speech Among Adolescents? A Pilot Study on the Effects of a Teaching Unit on Social Norms, Self-efficacy and Knowledge About Hate Speech

“…Based on the same data, there was no bivariate relation of online hate speech victimization to age and sex, but migration background and lower socioeconomic status were positively related with small effect sizes (Wachs & Wright, 2019). Further research indicates that age and migration background might be relevant factors in victimization by online hate speech: A representative survey among adults in Germany found that 8% of the 18to 95-year-olds reported having been affected ever by online hate speech (Geschke et al, 2019). In this study the prevalence was higher, the younger the participants were: 3% of 60-year-olds and older, 6% of 45-to 59-year-olds, 12% of 25-to 44-year-olds and 17% of 18-to 24-year-olds were affected by online hate speech.…”

“…In this study the prevalence was higher, the younger the participants were: 3% of 60-year-olds and older, 6% of 45-to 59-year-olds, 12% of 25-to 44-year-olds and 17% of 18-to 24-year-olds were affected by online hate speech. Also, migration background was related with the victimization by online hate speech: While 6% of participants without migration background reported being affected by online hate speech, 14% of participants with migration background were affected by online hate speech (Geschke et al, 2019). In sum, 17 to 19.6% of young persons under 18 years in Germany reported being the target of online hate speech.…”

“…Given that online hate speech is a widespread phenomenon (Hasebrink et al, 2019;Smahel et al, 2020;Wachs et al, 2019) and can elicit harm for witnesses and victims (Geschke et al, 2019;Obermaier & Schmuck, 2022;UK Safer Internet Centre, 2016), measures to reduce online hate speech seem warranted, like legal regulation, technological approaches and education (Blaya, 2019). While preventive interventions for youth are often suggested against online hate speech, they are seldom empirically tested (Blaya, 2019;Seemann-Herz et al, 2022;Windisch et al, 2022).…”