Seizures, not hippocampal neuronal death, provoke neurogenesis in a mouse rapid electrical amygdala kindling model of seizures

Smith, Paul; McLean, Karen J.; Murphy, Michael A.; Turnley, Ann M.; Cook, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.055

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…It has been suggested by studies in culture, which show that KA-induced injury precedes the increase in proliferation (Sadgrove et al, 2005). However, an argument against a fundamental role of seizure-induced cell death is the fact that a proliferative progenitor response to seizures can occur independent of cell death (Smith, 2005). Thus, the activation of many signal molecules in the DG after seizures, such as neurotrophins (Hagihara, 2005;Scharfman et al, 2005), 5HT-1A (Radley and Jacobs, 2003), galanin Type 2 receptors (Mazarati, 2004), NO signaling (Jiang et al, 2004), neuropeptide Y via its Y1 receptor (Howell et al, 2005), and cysteine protease cystatin C (Pirttila, 2005), may play a role in seizureinduced increase in the cell proliferation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different effects of mild and severe seizures on hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats

et al. 2008

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Recent evidence shows that functional neurogenesis exists in the adult hippocampus and that epileptic seizures can increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG). However, it is unknown whether different seizure severity has different effects on neurogenesis in the DG of adult rats. In this study, we examined hippocampal neurogenesis in the rat mild and severe seizure preparations characterized with frequent wet dog shakes and severe status epilepticus, respectively. Both mild and severe seizures promoted the mitotic activity in the DG, but severe seizures caused a stronger cell proliferative response than mild seizures. Less than 20% of newborn cells in the DG differentiated into neurons in rats suffering severe seizures, whereas more than 60% of newborn dentate cells differentiated into neurons in control and mild seizure groups. Most newborn neurons migrated into the granular cell layer in control and mild seizure groups, but severe seizures were associated with an aberrant migration of newborn neurons into the dentate hilus. Severe seizures induced astrocyte activation and the expression of nestin and the migration directional molecules netrin 1 and Sema-3A in the hilus, which were not present in the hilus of control and mild seizure-attacked rats, suggesting that these molecules are involved in the aberrant migration of newborn neurons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different effects of mild and severe seizures on hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats

et al. 2008

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Section: Induction Of Status Epilepticus and Bromodeoxyuridine Injectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total KA dosage administered was titrated for each rat according to each rat's motor seizure activity. Because it has been found that seizures, as opposed to neuronal cell death per se, lead to increases in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis (Parent et al, 1997;Tooyama et al, 2002;Smith et al, 2005) our procedures were designed such that all KA-treated rats experienced similar duration and severity of seizure activity.After KA treatment, rats were injected subcutaneously with 5 ml of lactated Ringer's solution (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL) to prevent dehydration and were monitored closely until all seizure activity subsided. Saline-treated rats were also given 5 ml of lactated Ringer's solution to equate their post-treatment experience to that of KA-treated rats.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prenatal choline supplementation attenuates neuropathological response to status epilepticus in the adult rat hippocampus

Wong-Goodrich¹,

Mellott²,

Glenn³

et al. 2008

Neurobiology of Disease

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Prenatal choline supplementation (SUP) protects adult rats against spatial memory deficits observed after excitotoxin-induced status epilepticus (SE). To examine the mechanism underlying this neuroprotection, we determined the effects of SUP on a variety of hippocampal markers known to change in response to SE and thought to underlie ensuing cognitive deficits. Adult offspring from rat dams that received either a Control or SUP diet on embryonic days 12-17 were administered saline or kainic acid (i.p.) to induce SE and were euthanized 16 days later. SUP markedly attenuated seizure-induced hippocampal neurodegeneration, dentate cell proliferation, hippocampal GFAP mRNA expression levels, prevented the loss of hippocampal GAD65 protein and mRNA expression, and altered growth factor expression patterns. SUP also enhanced pre-seizure hippocampal levels of BDNF, NGF, and IGF-1, which may confer a neuroprotective hippocampal microenvironment that dampens the neuropathological response to and/or helps facilitate recovery from SE to protect cognitive function. Keywords choline; kainic acid; hippocampus; seizures; bromodeoxyuridine; growth factor; glutamic acid decarboxylase; glial fibrillary acidic protein; neuroprotection Status epilepticus (SE), a period of prolonged seizures, produces a host of plastic changes in the hippocampus that are thought to contribute to the development of temporal lobe epilepsy. SE results in substantial neuronal loss (Cavazos et al., 1994;Haas et al., 2001;Gorter et al., 2003), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system alterations (e.g., Houser & Esclapez, 1996), reactive gliosis (Jorgensen et al. 1993; Niquet et al., 1994a;Kang et al., 2006), mossy fiber innervation of the dentate gyrus (Sutula et al., 1988;Ben-Ari & Represa, 1990), changes in levels of growth factors (Khrestchatisky et al., 1995;Mudo et al., 1996;Schmidt-Kastner et al., 1996;Shetty et al., 2004), and a transient increase in cell proliferation and neurogenesis (Bengzon et al., 1997;Parent et al., 1997;Scharfman et al., 2000;Hattiangady et al., 2004). These SE-induced degenerative and regenerative changes in the hippocampus are also Corresponding author: Dr. Christina L. Williams, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, 572 Research Drive, Box 91050, GSRB-II, Room 3022, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA, Phone: 919-660-5638, Fax: 919-660-5798, Email: williams@psych.duke.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. accompanied by deficits in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory (Stafstrom et al., 1993;Liu et al., 1994;Sarkisian et al., 1997;Hort et al., 1999;Mik...

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“…This comparatively mild kindling stimulation is not accompanied by visible neuronal death (Tuunanen and Pitkanen, 2000) and can be used for precise analysis of specific morphological alterations underlying the induction mechanisms of focal epileptogenesis. In addition, recent investigations have indicated that the rapid protocol of kindling stimulation provides an opportunity to test, in a highly controlled manner, the effect of seizures alone with regard to neuronal injury and regeneration (Smith et al, 2005).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial kindling induces neurogenesis, activates astrocytes and alters synaptic morphology in the dentate gyrus of freely moving adult rats

et al. 2009

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Abbreviations: BrdU, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine; DCX, doublecortin; DG, dentate gyrus; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T

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Seizures, not hippocampal neuronal death, provoke neurogenesis in a mouse rapid electrical amygdala kindling model of seizures

Cited by 42 publications

References 65 publications

Different effects of mild and severe seizures on hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats

Different effects of mild and severe seizures on hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats

Prenatal choline supplementation attenuates neuropathological response to status epilepticus in the adult rat hippocampus

Partial kindling induces neurogenesis, activates astrocytes and alters synaptic morphology in the dentate gyrus of freely moving adult rats

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