Seizures as a clinical manifestation in somatic autoimmune disorders

Amanat, Man; Thijs, Roland D.; Salehi, Mona; Sander, Josemir W.

doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2018.11.012

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…29 Gamma aminobutyric acid is one of the monocarboxylic amino acids which increase chloride ion conductance. 30 GABA is present in small interneurons in many parts of the brain and its release from these cells is important for inhibition of neurotransmission in short range negative feedback circuits. Reduction in the number of symmetrical inhibitory synapses and the level of GABA-synthesizing enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylate (GAD) are found in experimental epileptogenic foci.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Crude Extract and Fractions of Newbouldia laevis Leaves in Chemoconvulsant-Induced Seizures

2021

TJNPR

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Neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders are among the leading causes of disability and low quality of life in many places around the world. 1 One of the most prevalent of these disorders is epilepsy. Globally, epilepsy is a disorder that affects 1% of all people by age 20, and 3% by age 75. It is not limited to specific geographical area, social status, race or gender. 2 It is estimated that 50-60 million people around the world have the disorder, and majority of these people are in developing countries. It is also reported that 60-70% of those who are epileptic in the developing nations have no access to the required medical care. 3 Many epileptic patients are gainfully employed, while others require prolonged hospitalization. Epilepsy does not generally shorten life, but neurological, psychiatric or cognitive impairments can reduce the quality of life. The term epilepsy is used interchangeably with seizure and is derived from a Greek word 'epilambanein' (επιλαμβάνειν) which means 'to seize'. It is a group of chronic disorders characterized by the occurrence of seizures. A seizure is an episode or attack in which there is a loss or disturbance of consciousness, sometimes accompanied by convulsions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Crude Extract and Fractions of Newbouldia laevis Leaves in Chemoconvulsant-Induced Seizures

2021

TJNPR

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“…Similarities in clinical features of epilepsy and migraine such as presence of premonition, aura, and postictal phases may suggest elements of pathophysiologic overlay (26). Immune system dysfunctions including elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and autoantibodies are now considered in occurrence of epilepsy and migraine (27,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levetiracetam for prophylactic treatment of pediatric migraine: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

et al. 2019

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Introduction Few drugs are available for migraine prophylaxis in children. Levetiracetam is a broad-spectrum anti-seizure drug that has been suggested to be effective in reducing adult migraine episodes. We assessed the safety and efficacy of levetiracetam in the prevention of pediatric migraine. Methods A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was performed. Eligible participants were aged 4–17 years old with at least four migrainous episodes monthly or had severe disabling or intolerable episodes. Primary endpoints were the mean changes in monthly frequency and intensity of headaches from the baseline phase to the last month of the double-blind phase. Safety endpoint was the adverse effects reported. Results Sixty-one participants (31 taking levetiracetam and 30 taking placebo) completed the study. All had a significant reduction in frequency and intensity of episodes that was significantly greater in the levetiracetam arm. Sixty eight percent of individuals in the treatment group reported more than 50% reduction of episodes at the end of the trial compared with 30% in the placebo group ( p-value: 0.007). Irritability, day-time sedation, and mild tic were reported. Conclusion Levetiracetam may be useful in migraine prevention and may decrease migraine episodes and severity. Trial Registration The study is prospectively registered with Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials; IRCT.ir, number IRCT2017021632603N1.

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“…This is best exemplified by antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and SLE, prototypical autoimmune diseases that involve the CNS in most patients [85]. SLE is a prominent cause of seizures, which often represent an initial manifestation of the disease [86]. As recently addressed, mTOR pathway activation is a critical driver of inflammatory lineage development in autoimmune diseases including SLE [16].…”

Section: Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosusmentioning

confidence: 99%

mTOR-Related Cell-Clearing Systems in Epileptic Seizures, an Update

Limanaqi

Biagioni

Busceti

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Recent evidence suggests that autophagy impairment is implicated in the epileptogenic mechanisms downstream of mTOR hyperactivation. This holds true for a variety of genetic and acquired epileptic syndromes besides malformations of cortical development which are classically known as mTORopathies. Autophagy suppression is sufficient to induce epilepsy in experimental models, while rescuing autophagy prevents epileptogenesis, improves behavioral alterations, and provides neuroprotection in seizure-induced neuronal damage. The implication of autophagy in epileptogenesis and maturation phenomena related to seizure activity is supported by evidence indicating that autophagy is involved in the molecular mechanisms which are implicated in epilepsy. In general, mTOR-dependent autophagy regulates the proliferation and migration of inter-/neuronal cortical progenitors, synapse development, vesicular release, synaptic plasticity, and importantly, synaptic clustering of GABAA receptors and subsequent excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain. Similar to autophagy, the ubiquitin–proteasome system is regulated downstream of mTOR, and it is implicated in epileptogenesis. Thus, mTOR-dependent cell-clearing systems are now taking center stage in the field of epilepsy. In the present review, we discuss such evidence in a variety of seizure-related disorders and models. This is expected to provide a deeper insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying seizure activity.

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Seizures as a clinical manifestation in somatic autoimmune disorders

Cited by 18 publications

References 121 publications

Protective Effects of Crude Extract and Fractions of Newbouldia laevis Leaves in Chemoconvulsant-Induced Seizures

Protective Effects of Crude Extract and Fractions of Newbouldia laevis Leaves in Chemoconvulsant-Induced Seizures

Levetiracetam for prophylactic treatment of pediatric migraine: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial

mTOR-Related Cell-Clearing Systems in Epileptic Seizures, an Update

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