Seizure After Zidovudine Overdose

Routy, J. P.; Prajs, E.; Blanc, A. P.; Drony, S; Moriceau, Michel; Sarrazin, C.; Viallet, Fabienne

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91758-3

Cited by 17 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…Neurotoxicity due to use of zidovudine has been long recognized as a cause of epileptic seizures. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] One of our patients attempted suicide with an overdose of sulfonamides and zidovudine, both of which may have contributed to the GTC seizure. In 1 patient, imipenem produced a GTC seizure, a well-known adverse effect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Study of New-Onset Seizures in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Pascual-Sedano¹,

Iranzo²,

Martí‐Fàbregas³

et al. 1999

Arch Neurol

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Study of New-Onset Seizures in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Pascual-Sedano¹,

Iranzo²,

Martí‐Fàbregas³

et al. 1999

Arch Neurol

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Zidovudine and Other Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in the Management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Related Disease

Matthews,

Cersosimo,

Spivack

1991

Pharmacotherapy

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Licensed in 1987, zidovudine remains the only medication with proved efficacy for the treatment of disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). New information on the pharmacology (adults and children), effects of kidney and liver dysfunction on the disposition of the drug, and drug‐drug interactions have improved the way we use and monitor this agent. The serious toxicity associated with zidovudine has led researchers to develop safer dosage regimens. Also, recognition that zidovudine slows but does not halt progression of disease has increased the search for effective alternatives. The best‐studied agents are didanosine (2′, 3′‐dideoxyinosine, ddI), zalcitabine (2′,3′‐dideoxycytidine, ddC), and foscarnet.

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Neurological and Psychiatric Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs

2013

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Antiretroviral drugs are associated with a variety of adverse effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. The frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric adverse events is highly variable, with differences between the antiretroviral classes and amongst the individual drugs in each class. In the developing world, where the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) stavudine remains a commonly prescribed antiretroviral, peripheral neuropathy is an important complication of treatment. Importantly, this clinical entity is often difficult to distinguish from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced peripheral neuropathy. Several clinical trials have addressed the efficacy of various agents in the treatment of NRTI-induced neurotoxicity. NRTI-induced neurotoxicity is caused by inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase. This mechanism is also responsible for the mitochondrial myopathy and lactic acidosis that occur with zidovudine. NRTIs, particularly zidovudine and abacavir, may also cause central nervous system (CNS) manifestations, including mania and psychosis. The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) efavirenz is perhaps the antiretroviral most commonly associated with CNS toxicity, causing insomnia, irritability and vivid dreams. Recent studies have suggested that the risk of developing these adverse effects is increased in patients with various cytochrome P450 2B6 alleles. Protease inhibitors cause perioral paraesthesias and may indirectly increase the relative risk of stroke by promoting atherogenesis. HIV integrase inhibitors, C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) inhibitors and fusion inhibitors rarely cause neuropsychiatric manifestations.

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Seizure After Zidovudine Overdose

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Prospective Study of New-Onset Seizures in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Prospective Study of New-Onset Seizures in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Zidovudine and Other Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in the Management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Related Disease

Neurological and Psychiatric Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs

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