Seismotectonics of the passive continental margin of Egypt

Korrat, Ibrahim; Agami, N.L. El; Hussein, H. M.; Gabry, Mohamed El

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.02.003

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A similar revision, based on several geological and geophysical studies, has been carried out for Egypt (Cochron et al 2005;Korrat et al 2005) and Morocco (Ait Brahim et al 2002;Michard et al 2002;Gracia et al 2003;Baptista et al 2003;Ait Brahim et al 2004;Biggs et al 2006;Tahayt et al 2008). However, the seismogenic zones for Morocco and Egypt were completely revised and a new version is given here.…”

Section: Earthquake Sources: Seismogenic Zones and Focal Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment in North Africa

et al. 2013

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North Africa is one of the most earthquake- prone areas of the Mediterranean. Many devastating earthquakes, some of them tsunami-triggering, inflicted heavy loss of life and considerable economic damage to the region. In order to mitigate the destructive impact of the earthquakes, the regional seismic hazard in North Africa is assessed using the neo-deterministic, multi- scenario methodology (NDSHA) based on the compu- tation of synthetic seismograms, using the modal sum- mation technique, at a regular grid of 0.2 × 0.2°. This is the first study aimed at producing NDSHA maps of North Africa including five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. The key input data for the NDSHA algorithm are earthquake sources, seismotectonic zonation, and structural models. In the preparation of the input data, it has been really important to go beyond the national borders and to adopt a coher- ent strategy all over the area. Thanks to the collaborative efforts of the teams involved, it has been possible to properly merge the earthquake catalogues available for each country to define with homogeneous criteria the seismogenic zones, the characteristic focal mechanism associated with each of them, and the structural models used to model wave propagation from the sources to the sites. As a result, reliable seismic hazard maps are pro- duced in terms of maximum displacement (Dmax), max- imum velocity (Vmax), and design ground acceleration

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Section: Earthquake Sources: Seismogenic Zones and Focal Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment in North Africa

et al. 2013

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“…These and seismograph monitoring stations have helped clarify the relation between Holocene sediment deposits and their displacement by earthquakes, faults, and delta surface lineaments, the latter mapped by Landsat. Although identified as a passive margin, northern Egypt is characterized by frequent earthquake events of shallow origin and small magnitude (M of 3 or less) and of moderate quakes (M to 5) that occur less frequently (Korrat et al, 2005). Earthquake and fault patterns are interpreted as results of ongoing interactions among African, Arabian, and Eurasian plates and the Sinai subplate.…”

Section: Neotectonic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Land Subsidence and Sea-Level Rise Are Submerging Egypt’s Nile Delta Coastal Margin

Stanley¹,

Clemente²

2017

GSAT

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Egypt's Nile delta, only ~1 m above mean sea level at the Mediterranean coast, is subject to uneven rates of submergence. This is a response to several factors leading to increasing land lowering (subsidence) of the northern delta and adjacent seafloor, plus an accelerating rise in eustatic (world) sea level in the Mediterranean. An average eustatic sealevel rise of ~3 mm/yr represents only ~26% to 45% of total relative sea-level rise measured along this margin. Three factors leading to subsidence are neotectonic lowering, compaction of Holocene sequences, and diminished sediment replenishment by much reduced Nile flow to Egypt's coast. Subsidence accounts for variable average land lowering of ~3.7 mm/yr of section in the NW delta, ~7.7 mm/yr in the N delta, and ~8.4 mm/yr in the NE delta, based on compaction rates of strata thicknesses that decrease down-core between top and base of Holocene sections in 85 drill cores distributed along the delta margin. Among present critical challenges are marked reduction of Nile water and sediment below the High Aswan Dam that can now reach the delta coast. It is expected that problems of fresh water and energy poverty in the lower Nile Basin are likely to be seriously exacerbated in years ahead by construction of Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam (GERD). Completion of this, the biggest hydroelectric structure in Africa, is this year. Egypt, the Sudan, and Ethiopia must resolve the looming crisis of diminished Blue Nile water and sediment distribution to the lower Nile Basin and Egypt's delta margin.

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“…Previous studies, such as Badawy & Monus (1995), Badawy & Abdel‐Fattah (2002) and Korrat et al (2005), showed that north Egypt, especially the area to the south of Cairo, is tectonically active. During the past 15 yr, several major earthquakes have occurred in northern Egypt, for example, 1992 October 12, 1993 July 30, 1993 August 3, 1995 November 22, 1999 October 11, 1999 December 28 and 2001 June 12 (Badawy & Abdel‐Fattah 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Permanent Scatterer investigation of land subsidence in Greater Cairo, Egypt

Aly

Zebker

Giardino

et al. 2009

Geophysical Journal International

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SUMMARY Land subsidence is a major geomorphic problem commonly associated with densely populated areas, such as the Greater Cairo area. Prior to this study, rates and patterns of land subsidence in Greater Cairo were not known. The Permanent Scatterer interferometric approach has been applied in this study to detect and measure the magnitude and the spatial and temporal variations of subsidence in Greater Cairo. Thirty‐four Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) images acquired by the European Radar Satellites (ERS‐1 and ERS‐2) during 1993–2000 have been used in this investigation. The main contributing factors to the rate of land subsidence in Greater Cairo include natural sediment compaction, tectonic activity and groundwater pumping. However, the measured rate of land subsidence is found significantly impacted by anthropogenic factors rather than natural factors. The average measured rate of subsidence is approximately 7 mm yr−1 during the period of observation, and the spatial and temporal patterns of land subsidence are demonstrated by a time‐series of surface deformation maps. InSAR results show differential surface displacements along the major surface and subsurface faults and indicate pumping‐induced subsidence, which is characterized by bowl shapes, in districts of high population density. The detected pattern of land subsidence in Greater Cairo implies a considerable contribution from the subway network as well. The results from this interferometric investigation can be used to help mitigate the environmental impacts and potential consequences of land subsidence in the region.

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Seismotectonics of the passive continental margin of Egypt

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment in North Africa

Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment in North Africa

Increased Land Subsidence and Sea-Level Rise Are Submerging Egypt’s Nile Delta Coastal Margin

Permanent Scatterer investigation of land subsidence in Greater Cairo, Egypt

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