Seismology and the New Global Tectonics

Series, Collected Reprint

doi:10.1002/9781118782149.ch7

Cited by 24 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…This work culminated in the reconstructions of Du Toit (1937), who summarized a wealth of geological and palaeontological evidence for a Palaeozoic Gondwana supercontinent that began to break apart in the Jurassic and had Antarctica as its central keystone (Fig. 3b), although these correlations remained highly controversial until the plate tectonic revolution of the 1960s provided a mechanism for continental drift (Dietz 1961;Hess 1962;Vine & Matthews 1963;Wilson 1965;Isacks et al 1968;Morgan 1968).…”

Section: Keystone Of Gondwana Core Of Rodiniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antarctica and supercontinent evolution: historical perspectives, recent advances and unresolved issues

Harley

Fitzsimons

Zhao

2013

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The Antarctic rock record spans some 3.5 billion years of history, and has made important contributions to our understanding of how Earth's continents assemble and disperse through time. Correlations between Antarctica and other southern continents were critical to the concept of Gondwana, the Palaeozoic supercontinent used to support early arguments for continental drift, while evidence for Proterozoic connections between Antarctica and North America led to the 'SWEAT' configuration (linking SW USA to East Antarctica) for an early Neoproterozoic supercontinent known as Rodinia. Antarctica also contains relicts of an older Palaeo-to Mesoproterozoic supercontinent known as Nuna, along with several Archaean fragments that belonged to one or more 'supercratons' in Neoarchaean times. It thus seems likely that Antarctica contains remnants of most, if not all, of Earth's supercontinents, and Antarctic research continues to provide insights into their palaeogeography and geological evolution. One area of research is the latest Neoproterozoic-Mesozoic active margin of Gondwana, preserved in Antarctica as the Ross Orogen and a number of outboard terranes that now form West Antarctica. Major episodes of magmatism, deformation and metamorphism along this palaeo-Pacific margin at 590 -500 and 300-230 Ma can be linked to reduced convergence along the internal collisional orogens that formed Gondwana and Pangaea, respectively; indicating that accretionary systems are sensitive to changes in the global plate tectonic budget. Other research has focused on Grenville-age (c. 1.0 Ga) and PanAfrican (c. 0.5 Ga) metamorphism in the East Antarctic Craton. These global-scale events record the amalgamation of Rodinia and Gondwana, respectively. Three coastal segments of Grenville-age metamorphism in the Indian Ocean sector of Antarctica are each linked to the c. 1.0 Ga collision between older cratons but are separated by two regions of pervasive Pan-African metamorphism ascribed to Neoproterozoic ocean closure. The tectonic setting of these events is poorly constrained given the sparse exposure, deep erosion level and likelihood that younger metamorphic events have reactivated older structures. The projection of these orogens under the ice is also controversial, but it is likely that at least one of the Pan-African orogens links up with the Shackleton Range on the palaeo-Pacific margin of the craton. Sedimentary detritus and glacial erratics at the edge of the ice sheet provide evidence for the c.

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Section: Keystone Of Gondwana Core Of Rodiniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antarctica and supercontinent evolution: historical perspectives, recent advances and unresolved issues

Harley

Fitzsimons

Zhao

2013

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“…The hot spot idea (Wilson did not use the term) well explained Hawaii and other such chains, but required a surface of the solid Earth to be mobile, something not everyone could accept. It would be several more years before the various observations were finally assembled into what we now recognise as plate tectonics (Isacks et al, 1968;Le Pichon, 1968;Morgan, 1968). Alas, some things were left by the way side.…”

Section: From Hot Spots To Plumesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Probing the Earth’s Deep Interior Through Geochemistry

White¹

2015

Geochem. Persp.

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“…En un margen convergente, la deformación de una zona de subducción se localiza en la interfase entre placas, por encima de la zona sísmica de WadatiBenioff (Isacks et al, 1968). La presencia de agua y su circulación a lo largo de la interfase puede ser la principal causa para la localización de la deformación en esta zona del sistema de subducción (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Paleostress evolution during the exhumation of high-P marbles, Samaná Complex, northern Hispaniola

Fernandez¹,

Rodríguez²,

Viruete³

et al. 2017

Bol. geol. min.

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The marble of the Samaná complex presents a widespread foliation formed during its exhumation following a general decompressive strain path from high pressure (2.0>P>0.7 GPa) and low temperature (<500 ºC) conditions. The foliation is plano-linear and blastomylonitic. Deformation distribution is highly heterogeneous. Calcite preferred orientation is poor, even though the marble has a well-defined tectonic fabric. The blastomylonitic fabric is masking an earlier tectonic fabric. Cathodoluminescence images reveal that intense fracturing formed prior to foliation development in the marbles. The thermodynamic modelling of mineral phase transformations during prograde metamorphism indicate an increase in water content (1.2%<w.t.H2O<1.8%) that may have involved an increase in fluid pressure and triggered rock embrittlement and subsequent exhumation. Stress drops after a cataclastic event, as well as grain-size reduction by abrasion, may have activated dissolution-precipitation processes along cataclastic bands. Differential stress |σ1-σ3| increased as exhumation progressed after the cataclastic event. Estimates of paleostress based on calcite mechanical twinning indicate values of |σ1-σ3| >350 MPa during deformation. In contrast, mean flow stress during grain-boundary migration is estimated in |σ1-σ3| <150 MPa. The high paleostress record and microstructures of the marble are consistent with the high exhumation rate calculated (>110 MPa Ma-1). All of these data suggest that exhumation always occurred near the brittle-ductile regime of deformation.

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Seismology and the New Global Tectonics

Cited by 24 publications

References 99 publications

Antarctica and supercontinent evolution: historical perspectives, recent advances and unresolved issues

Antarctica and supercontinent evolution: historical perspectives, recent advances and unresolved issues

Probing the Earth’s Deep Interior Through Geochemistry

Paleostress evolution during the exhumation of high-P marbles, Samaná Complex, northern Hispaniola

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