Seismogeodesy Using GPS and Low‐Cost MEMS Accelerometers: Perspectives for Earthquake Early Warning and Rapid Response

Saunders, J. K.; Goldberg, D.; Haase, Jennifer S.; Bock, Yehuda; Offield, D. G.; Melgar, Diego; Restrepo, José I.; Fleischman, Robert B.; Nema, Arpit; Geng, Jianghui; Walls, C. P.; Mann, D.; Mattioli, G. S.

doi:10.1785/0120160062

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The fundamental solution to reduce false alarms when using GNSS‐based event association methods is to stabilize the GNSS positioning. Seismogeodetic observations using accelerometers collocated to GNSS stations can improve the displacement accuracy [ Saunders et al ., ]. The seismogeodetic observations also improve the resolution and stability of the coseismic fault model [ Melgar and Bock , ; Melgar et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REGARD: A new GNSS‐based real‐time finite fault modeling system for GEONET

et al. 2017

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The short‐period seismometer‐based magnitude saturation problem, especially for events with magnitude > 8, can be improved by a real‐time Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning technique, which has enabled rapid estimation of a finite fault model for a large earthquake without any saturation. A new real‐time fault modeling system based on the GNSS Earth Observation Network (GEONET) is developed and is under experimental operation in Japan. In this paper, we present the newly developed system REGARD (the Real‐time GEONET Analysis system for Rapid Deformation monitoring), which consists of real‐time GNSS positioning, automatic detection of coseismic displacement by the event, and quasi real‐time finite fault model inversion routines. The performance of the automatic event detection system is tested through experimental real‐time operation based on GEONET data for 2 months. Furthermore, we also test the reliability of the finite fault model inversion routines using real raw GNSS data observed for past large earthquakes: the 2003 Tokachi‐oki earthquake (moment magnitude (Mw) 8.3), the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Mw 9.0), and the 2011 off‐Ibaraki earthquake (Mw 7.7). A simulated 1707 Hoei‐type Nankai Trough earthquake (Mw 8.7) is also tested. The real‐time experimental operation shows that real‐time GNSS positioning is precise enough to detect all the tested earthquakes, and the inversion results demonstrate that the REGARD can reliably estimate the earthquake size and its extent within 3 min after the origin time. These results suggest that the REGARD system will complement the seismometer‐based magnitude determination system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REGARD: A new GNSS‐based real‐time finite fault modeling system for GEONET

et al. 2017

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“…Two High‐Definition video camera recorders, 13 GoPros, and 11 closed circuit cameras were deployed to provide overall and close‐up video of the specimen. A payload project provided rooftop GPS measurements …”

Section: Shake‐table Test Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shake‐table test performance of an inertial force‐limiting floor anchorage system

Zhang

Fleischman

Restrepo

et al. 2018

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Summary A new floor connecting system developed for low‐damage seismic‐resistant building structures is described herein. The system, termed Inertial Force‐Limiting Floor Anchorage System (IFAS), is intended to limit the lateral forces in buildings during an earthquake. This objective is accomplished by providing limited‐strength deformable connections between the floor system and the primary elements of the lateral force‐resisting system. The connections transform the seismic demands from inertial forces into relative displacements between the floors and lateral force‐resisting system. This paper presents the IFAS performance in a shake‐table testing program that provides a direct comparison with an equivalent conventional rigidly anchored‐floor structure. The test structure is a half‐scale, 4‐story reinforced concrete flat‐plate shear wall structure. Precast hybrid rocking walls and special precast columns were used for test repeatability in a 22‐input strong ground‐motion sequence. The structure was purposely designed with an eccentric wall layout to examine the performance of the system in coupled translational‐torsional response. The test results indicated a seismic demand reduction in the lateral force‐resisting system of the IFAS structure relative to the conventional structure, including reduced shear wall base rotation, shear wall and column inter‐story drift, and, in some cases, floor accelerations. These results indicate the potential for the IFAS to minimize damage to the primary structural and non‐structural components during earthquakes.

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“…Additional work will be required to ensure that this pattern is consistent when applied to future medium magnitude events, where late detections are more likely. Given that this example describes the low end of earthquake size of importance to EEW systems, our analysis provides confidence in the performance of seismogeodesy using the SIO GAPs and reinforces the conclusions of Saunders et al [], that this instrumentation is sufficient for earthquakes of significance to EEW.…”

Section: Seismogeodetic Eew With Mems Accelerometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐contained local broadband seismogeodetic early warning system: Detection and location

Goldberg

Bock

2017

JGR Solid Earth

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Earthquake and local tsunami early warning is critical to mitigating adverse impacts of large‐magnitude earthquakes. An optimal system must rely on near‐source data to maximize warning time. To this end, we have developed a self‐contained seismogeodetic early warning system employing an optimal combination of high‐frequency information from strong‐motion accelerometers and low‐frequency information from collocated Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) instruments to estimate real‐time displacements and velocities. Like GNSS, and unlike broadband seismometers, seismogeodetic stations record the full waveform, including static offset, without clipping in the near‐field or saturating for large magnitude earthquakes. However, GNSS alone cannot provide a self‐contained system and requires an external seismic trigger. Seismogeodetic stations detect P wave arrivals with the same sensitivity as strong‐motion accelerometers and thus provide a stand‐alone system. We demonstrate the utility of near‐source seismogeodesy for event detection and location with analysis of the 2010 Mw7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah, Baja, California and 2014 Mw6.0 Napa, California strike‐slip events, and the 2014 Mw8.2 Iquique, Chile subduction zone earthquake using observatory‐grade accelerometers and GPS data. We present lessons from the 2014 Mw4.0 Piedmont, California and 2016 Mw5.2 Borrego Springs, California earthquakes, recorded by our seismogeodetic system with Micro‐Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) accelerometers and GPS data and reanalyzed retrospectively. We conclude that our self‐contained seismogeodetic system is suitable for early warning for earthquakes of significance (>M5) using either observatory‐grade or MEMS accelerometers. Finally, we discuss the effect of network design on hypocenter location and suggest the deployment of additional seismogeodetic stations for the western U.S.

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Seismogeodesy Using GPS and Low‐Cost MEMS Accelerometers: Perspectives for Earthquake Early Warning and Rapid Response

Cited by 42 publications

References 55 publications

REGARD: A new GNSS‐based real‐time finite fault modeling system for GEONET

REGARD: A new GNSS‐based real‐time finite fault modeling system for GEONET

Shake‐table test performance of an inertial force‐limiting floor anchorage system

Self‐contained local broadband seismogeodetic early warning system: Detection and location

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