Seismogenic Faulting of the 2016 Mw 6.0 Hutubi Earthquake in the Northern Tien Shan Region: Constraints From Near-Field Borehole Strain Step Observations and Numerical Simulations

Li, Yujiang; Zhang, Huiping; Tang, Lei; Chen, Lianwang; Yan, Jiaxin

doi:10.3389/feart.2020.588304

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The Kuqa and southern Junggar FTBs are developed at its southern and northern flanks, respectively, where active thrusting and folding are pronounced (Charreau et al., 2020; Deng et al., 1996; Hubert‐Ferrari et al., 2007; Li, Rao, et al., 2020; Lu et al., 2019; Saint‐Carlier et al., 2016; Tang et al., 2017; Tapponnier & Molnar, 1979). In the northern piedmont, the 1906 M 8 Manas earthquake occurred along the HMT structural belt, where co‐seismic surface ruptures were found in the field (Figure 1b; Avouac et al., 1993; Deng et al., 1996; Stockmeyer et al., 2014), and the occurrence of the 2016 M 6.2 Hutubi earthquake reflects its associated recent seismicity (Li et al., 2018, 2021; Lu et al., 2018).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Control of Multiple Detachments on Structural Development in the Southern Junggar Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt, Northern Tian Shan: Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment

Qiu

Rao

et al. 2021

Tectonics

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As large earthquakes in contractional fold‐and‐thrust belts are usually associated with complex ruptures along multiple faults or fault splays, the evaluation of potential rupture extent and relevant hazards continues to be challenging. We present a case study on the geometry and kinematic evolution of the southern Junggar fold‐and‐thrust belt, northern Tian Shan, where the 1906 M 8 Manas earthquake occurred. Our interpretations of seismic reflection profiles acquired during oil and gas exploration demonstrate that multiple detachments played significant roles in controlling the structural segmentation. We speculate that seismic potential in active fold‐and‐thrust belts can be under‐estimated by relying on the mapped surface fault traces. Structural analysis of subsurface images in sufficient detail may provide important insights into seismic hazard evaluation and hence complement traditional paleo‐seismic studies, particularly in densely populated regions such as the city of Urumqi.

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Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retracted: Control of Multiple Detachments on Structural Development in the Southern Junggar Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt, Northern Tian Shan: Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment

Qiu

Rao

et al. 2021

Tectonics

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“…Unlike GTSM strainmeter such as the United States, which can produce high frequency data of 20 Hz, the data sampling rate of strainmeter in mainland China is minute sampling due to data storage and transmission technology. Using these minute data, scholars in mainland China have carried out a lot of research, including the tidal Variation and calibration technology (Qiu et al, 2015), abnormal changes of different earthquakes (Qiu et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2014), co-seismic strain steps (Gong et al, 2019;Li et al, 2020), free oscillation of the earth excited by large earthquakes (Tang et al, 2007;Tang et al, 2008;Qiu, 2017), and also studied and analyzed the influence of water level, air pressure, rainfall and other factors on borehole strain, and studied the data processing methods to identify and eliminate these influencing factors (Zhou et al, 2008;Zhang and Huang, 2011;Zhang et al, 2015). However, these studies are limited to longer period signals because of the low sampling rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the technical management and planning team of the borehole strain network in Mainland China, we have upgraded and updated the high-sampling data collectors of 10 four-component borehole strainmeters which are producing high frequency data of 100 Hz since 2017, only one site could produce high-frequency data before. Using these data, the ability of four-component borehole strainmeters to record strain seismic waves of earthquakes of different magnitudes has been studied (Qiu et al, 2015;Tang et al, 2022), the study of determining the strain magnitude of seismic surface wave based on borehole strain seismic wave is carried out (Li et al, 2020), Shi et al (2021) studied the direct observation of co-seismic static stress deviation changes consistent with the theoretical prediction. These sites can record the seismic waves of earthquakes with M6.0 or above in the world (Tang et al, 2022), and can also record the local earthquakes in the area where the site is located.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The apparent focal depth, emergence angle, and take-off angle of seismic wave measured by YRY-4-type borehole strainmeter as one kind of strain seismograph

Tang

Qiu²,

Fan

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Introduction: In theory, the observation objects and principles of strain seismograph and traditional pendulum seismograph are different, and the characteristics of observed signals should also be dissimilar. The observation results of pendulum seismograph show that seismic waves in inhomogeneous media will undergo refraction, reflection, and attenuation. Then, what signal characteristics can be detected by strain seismograph is great significance for understanding and explaining the observation results.Methods: Using YRY-4 type four-gauge borehole strainmeter as one kind of strain seismograph to detect the strain tensor change of the plane seismic wave emitted from the surface, a five-site strain seismograph observation network was built in Shanxi Province, with continuous observation for 2 years at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. In this paper, two local events occurring in the area covered by the strain seismograph observation network are taken as examples. We systematically studied the characteristics of seismic wave signals recorded by strain seismographs at five sites, inverted for the focal depth of the two local earthquakes and the relationship between the wave velocity and the wave velocity gradient of the focal depth, and calculated the apparent focal depth, the emergence angle and the take-off angle of seismic waves.Results: These results show stable uniqueness and apparent regularity, especially since the inverted focal depths are basically consistent with the seismic solutions based on those traditional pendulum seismographs. The observations from this study show that the strain seismograph can be used as an effective supplement to the pendulum seismograph.Discussion: In the future, we will continue to study the rupture process and focal mechanism of moderate-strong earthquakes and teleseismic earthquakes by combining two kinds of observations.

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“…(5)(6)(7) This method has been used to study plate movements, earthquakes, volcanoes, and many other geological phenomena. (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) Previous borehole strainmeters used in mainland China include volumetric strainmeters and four-gauge borehole strainmeters (FGBSs). (5)(6)(7) An FGBS is generally installed in a borehole in bedrock at a depth of tens or hundreds of meters to observe changes in the horizontal strain in the shallow surface of the crust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Different Layouts of Sensors of Four-gauge Borehole Strainmeter and Their Influence on Field Measurement

Tang¹,

Fan²,

Miao³

et al. 2022

Sensors and Materials

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The four-gauge borehole strainmeters (FGBSs) used in mainland China include multiple instrument modes. The sensors in the four directions have two layout modes in the vertical direction: the same-plane mode and the different-plane mode. In this study, we obtained a large amount of site observation data and showed that the observation data collected using the two modes have certain differences. Through the establishment of a 3D finite element model and field measurement analysis, it was concluded that the inhomogeneity of the coupling cement at different levels influenced the observations of the sensors in the different-plane mode, and the observation data were less self-consistent than those for instruments with sensors in the sameplane mode. The self-consistent characteristics of the FGBS provide an algorithm for AI-based seismic research. Comprehensive analysis showed that for the four sensors of the FGBS, the same-plane layout was the optimal choice.

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Seismogenic Faulting of the 2016 Mw 6.0 Hutubi Earthquake in the Northern Tien Shan Region: Constraints From Near-Field Borehole Strain Step Observations and Numerical Simulations

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

Retracted: Control of Multiple Detachments on Structural Development in the Southern Junggar Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt, Northern Tian Shan: Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment

Retracted: Control of Multiple Detachments on Structural Development in the Southern Junggar Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt, Northern Tian Shan: Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment

The apparent focal depth, emergence angle, and take-off angle of seismic wave measured by YRY-4-type borehole strainmeter as one kind of strain seismograph

Two Different Layouts of Sensors of Four-gauge Borehole Strainmeter and Their Influence on Field Measurement

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