Seismicity and landform development of the dextral Kalabagh Fault Zone, Pakistan: Implications from morphotectonics and paleoseismology

Abbas, Wahid; Ali, Sajid; Reicherter, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2021.229182

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Based on their findings, the researchers concluded that current internal deformation outweighs the frontal deformation. Additionally, the outcomes of geomorphic and tectonic investigations support the various deformation patterns (Chen and Khan, 2009;Chen and Khan, 2010;Abbas et al, 2022). For instance, the western portion of the Salt Range is rising approximately 10 mm/yr (Abir et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…For instance, the western portion of the Salt Range is rising approximately 10 mm/yr (Abir et al, 2015). Additionally, Abbas et al (2022) demonstrated the compression at the KBF's central section. Our creeping measurement findings (i.e., 4.8 ± 1.6 mm/yr on horizontal velocity) are consistent with the work of Chen and Khan (2009) and support the idea that the northern region of the KBF is currently undergoing internal deformation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Researchers have long been intrigued by this collision product to investigate the traits that change during the earthquake cycles. Several devastating earthquakes have resulted from this collision (Abbas et al, 2022). The suture zone formed by the Indian plate subducting beneath the Eurasian plate is dominated by numerous thrusting features in the southern region (Pudsey, 1986;Pogue et al, 1992;Bender and Raza, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suture zone formed by the Indian plate subducting beneath the Eurasian plate is dominated by numerous thrusting features in the southern region (Pudsey, 1986;Pogue et al, 1992;Bender and Raza, 1995). This region has also experienced the introduction of significant strike-slip structures due to the shoulder-rubbing nature of the collision between two plates at some points (Yeats et al, 1984;Jaswal et al, 1997;Yin and Harrison, 2000;Khan and Glenn, 2006;Abbas et al, 2022). Although thrusting and folding account for the majority of the deformation in the northwest Himalayas (McDougall and Khan, 1990;McDougall and Hussain, 1991;Jaswal et al, 1997;Khan and Glenn, 2006), the existence of strike-slip motion in the area makes the region's tectonic system challenging to comprehend.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major strike-slip structure in this region is the Kalabagh Fault (Yeats et al, 1984;Baker et al, 1988;McDougall and Khan, 1990;Blisniuk et al, 1998;Chen and Khan, 2010), shown in Figure 1. This structure truncates the Salt Range on the western end (Baker et al, 1988;McDougall and Khan, 1990;Abbas et al, 2022), one of the largest salt-hosting formations in the world. This fault has been studied from different perspectives recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanics of the Kalabagh Fault, northwest Himalayan fold and thrust belt (convergence zone of India and Eurasia), using SAR interferometry and CFS

et al. 2023

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The Kalabagh strike–slip fault, which is characterized by right-lateral movement, is part of the northwestern Himalayan foreland fold and thrust belt in Pakistan. This structure marks the western and eastern terminations of the Salt Range and Surghar Ranges, respectively. No significant (>M6) earthquakes have been reported along the Kalabagh Fault in recent decades. Here, we take advantage of space-borne Sentinel-1A SAR interferometry to gain insight into the mechanics of faulting, aseismic creeping, and stress loading of the seismic cycle on the Kalabagh Fault spanning over approximately 7 years. In this study, we also removed the tropospheric effects using the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service data from the rate map. We further resolved the LOS deformation into both horizontal and vertical deformations. Our Bayesian inversion indicates that the fault experiences significant horizontal and vertical displacements. The fault’s southern and northern segments exhibit a creeping rate of approximately ∼4.2 ± 1.3 to 4.8 ± 1.6 mm/year, respectively, while the central section does not display any horizontal creeping. We found that the creeping is confined between 0 and ∼2.7 ± 1.1 km depth at the northern section and 0 and ∼3.9 ± 1.1 km on the southern section of the faults. Nevertheless, we found that the vertical creeping of ∼10 mm/year is confined between 0.5 and 6 km depth in the central segment of the fault. Moreover, our model does not resolve the interseismic slip at depth on the Kalabagh Fault. Our results affirm that Kalabagh Fault is creeping, and the internal deformation due to the presence of a thick salt layer over the decollement facilitates the creeping on this fault. In addition, Coulomb stress modeling depicts that the creeping on the Kalabagh Fault increases the Coulomb stress changes in the northern section of the KBF.

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