Seismically induced racking of tunnel linings

Penzien, Joseph

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9845(200005)29:5<683::aid-eqe932>3.3.co;2-t

Cited by 36 publications

(96 citation statements)

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“…Since the real boundary conditions at the soil-structure interface are unknown, simplified solutions available in the literature for the evaluation of seismic actions generally consider two extreme cases which bound the real situation: the full-slip and the no-slip conditions. In the engineering practice the two analytical solutions proposed by Wang (1993) and Penzien (2000) are widely used for the evaluation of the dynamic stress increment in the tunnel lining. The two solutions provide the same result for the full-slip condition, but the solution proposed by Penzien (2000) underestimates the thrust force in the no-slip case.…”

Section: A Closed-form Solution For Simplified Pseudo-static Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the engineering practice the two analytical solutions proposed by Wang (1993) and Penzien (2000) are widely used for the evaluation of the dynamic stress increment in the tunnel lining. The two solutions provide the same result for the full-slip condition, but the solution proposed by Penzien (2000) underestimates the thrust force in the no-slip case. This aspect was observed by Hashash et al (2005) while studying the problem with Finite Elements (FE) numerical analyses and it was confirmed also by Kontoe et al (2008), who compared FE numerical results with the simplified analytical solutions calculated for the Bolu tunnels, which experienced extensive damage after the 1999 Düzce earthquake.…”

Section: A Closed-form Solution For Simplified Pseudo-static Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This choice is justified by two reasons: firstly, the size of a typical lining cross-section is small compared with the wavelengths of the dominant ground motion producing the ovaling; secondly, the inertia effects in both the lining and the surrounding ground as produced by dynamic soil-structure interaction effects are relatively small (Penzien 2000). In an infinite medium, a strain field associated to a pure shear deformation can be obtained by applying a state of stress corresponding to an at-rest coefficient of lateral pressure K 0 equal to −1, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: A Closed-form Solution For Simplified Pseudo-static Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic analysis of deep tunnels in near fault conditions: a case study in Southern Italy

Corigliano

Scandella

Lai

et al. 2011

Bull Earthquake Eng

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The importance of underground structures in transportation and utility networks makes their vulnerability to earthquakes a sensitive issue. Underground facilities are usually less vulnerable to earthquakes compared to above-ground structures, but the associated risk may be relevant, since even a low level of damage may affect the serviceability of a wide network. Seismic analysis of tunnels close to seismogenic faults is a complex problem, which is often neglected at the design stage for the lack of specific codes or guidelines for the design of underground structures in seismic conditions and also because, as mentioned above, underground structures are considered less vulnerable to earthquake loading. This paper investigates the seismic response of deep tunnels focusing on the required steps for a proper design under both static and dynamic loading. The study aims at contributing to improve the methods currently used for the seismic analysis of underground structures.\ud At this purpose, the seismic response of a deep tunnel in Southern Italy has been investigated along the transversal direction. The infrastructure is part of the railway switch line connecting Caserta to Foggia in the Southern Apennines which is one of the most active seismic regions in Italy. The seismic response in the transversal direction has been analysed by using the pseudo-static approach as well as through advanced numerical modeling using the spectral element method coupled with a kinematic approach for finite fault simulations.\ud The pseudo-static approach has been implemented using a closed-form analytical solution

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Section: A Closed-form Solution For Simplified Pseudo-static Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Closed-form Solution For Simplified Pseudo-static Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Closed-form Solution For Simplified Pseudo-static Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic analysis of deep tunnels in near fault conditions: a case study in Southern Italy

Corigliano

Scandella

Lai

et al. 2011

Bull Earthquake Eng

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“…Consequently, more and more scholars and engineers became interested in research on seismic damage of tunnels and other underground works and in the development of aseismic tunnel construction methods (Kontoe et al 2008;Penzien 2000;Hashash et al 2001;O'Rourke et al 2001;Konagai 2005;Wang et al 2009;Li 2008). However, the frequency of strong earthquakes, especially in mountain zones where there is sufficient human activity to warrant the presence of tunnels, is lower than the frequency of other natural hazards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage to mountain tunnels related to the Wenchuan earthquake and some suggestions for aseismic tunnel construction

2011

Bull Eng Geol Environ

166

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Many tunnels along the Dujiangyan to Wenchuan highway, located near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, were damaged severely. The characteristics of the tunnel failures were analyzed and categorized as avalanches and landsliding near the tunnels, cracking of the tunnel portals, collapse of the liner and surrounding rock, cracking and dislocation of the liner, uplift and cracking of the ground, deformation and cracking of the preliminary bracing. The main geological factors influencing the tunnel damage are secondary fractures of earthquake faults, sudden change in soil and rock type, weak rocks and the variable geo-stresses in the host material. The tunnel portals and their slopes, unless fully integrated into the tunnel structures and sufficiently reinforced, are likely to suffer significant distress as a consequence of seismic events. The main mitigation measures proposed are the use of reinforced concrete in the secondary lining in the area of fault zones and injection grouting to reduce the differences where there are sudden changes in the character of the host material.

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“…Here the study is extended to estimate the effects of faulting on the permanent lining of a shallow tunnel [6,12] in the same alluvial deposit. Even though this does not represent an actual case history, conditions of this kind are sometimes met in tunnels located in central Italy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element evaluation of the effects of faulting on a shallow tunnel in alluvial soil

2010

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A numerical estimation is presented on the\ud effects induced in an existing tunnel by the development of a\ud fault from the deep bedrock during a seismic event. The\ud spreading of the fault within the alluvial deposit hosting the\ud tunnel, and the consequent effects on its permanent liner, are\ud studied in static conditions through a series of elastic-plastic,\ud plane strain finite element analyses. They account for the\ud reduction of the shear strength and stiffness characteristics\ud of the faulting zone with increasing irreversible strains. Even\ud though the calculations require only ‘‘standard’’, e.g. peak\ud and residual, material parameters it is shown that these\ud properties can hardly be obtained for the alluvial deposit at\ud hand. To overcome this drawback a relatively large scale insitu\ud tests could be performed and its results could be interpreted\ud through a suitable back analysis. This would permit\ud characterizing the numerical model to be subsequently\ud adopted for the analysis of the faulting process

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Seismically induced racking of tunnel linings

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Seismic analysis of deep tunnels in near fault conditions: a case study in Southern Italy

Seismic analysis of deep tunnels in near fault conditions: a case study in Southern Italy

Damage to mountain tunnels related to the Wenchuan earthquake and some suggestions for aseismic tunnel construction

Finite element evaluation of the effects of faulting on a shallow tunnel in alluvial soil

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