SEISMIC TRIGGERING OF ERUPTIONS IN THE FAR FIELD: Volcanoes and Geysers

Manga, Michael; Brodsky, Emily E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125125

Cited by 425 publications

(438 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…1). Mud volcano response is thus consistent with established epicentral distance vs. earthquake magnitude relations (Manga and Brodsky, 2006;Manga et al, 2009). We evaluated the potential effect of static stress changes induced by the Emilia earthquakes on mud volcano activity using Coulomb version 3.3 (Lin and Stein, 2004;Toda et al, 2005).…”

Section: Mud Volcano Response To the May-june 2012 Emilia Seismic Seqsupporting

confidence: 83%

Large historical eruptions at subaerial mud volcanoes, Italy

Manga

Bonini

2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Active mud volcanoes in the northern Apennines, Italy, currently have gentle eruptions. There are, however, historical accounts of violent eruptions and outbursts. Evidence for large past eruptions is also recorded by large decimeter rock clasts preserved in erupted mud. We measured the rheological properties of mud currently being erupted in order to evaluate the conditions needed to transport such large clasts to the surface. The mud is wellcharacterized by the Herschel-Bulkley model, with yield stresses between 4 and 8 Pa. Yield stresses of this magnitude can support the weight of particles with diameters up to several mm. At present, particles larger than this size are not being carried to the surface. The transport of larger clasts to the surface requires ascent speeds greater than their settling speed in the mud. We use a model for the settling of particles and rheological parameters from laboratory measurements to show that the eruption of large clasts requires ascent velocities > 1 m s −1 , at least three orders of magnitude greater than during the present, comparatively quiescent, activity. After regional earthquakes on 20 May and 29 May 2012, discharge also increased at locations where the stress changes produced by the earthquakes would have unclamped feeder dikes below the mud volcanoes. The magnitude of increased discharge, however, is less than that inferred from the large clasts. Both historical accounts and erupted deposits are consistent in recording episodic large eruptions.

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Section: Mud Volcano Response To the May-june 2012 Emilia Seismic Seqsupporting

confidence: 83%

Large historical eruptions at subaerial mud volcanoes, Italy

Manga

Bonini

2012

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Figure 3 indicates that 5 h after the tectonic earthquake (arrow A), the parameters related to seismic energy start increasing continuously (arrow B) and the change in the behavior can be appreciated in the seismic record 2 h later (arrow C). This is a clear example of a volcanic episode triggered by an external mechanism (Tárraga, 2007) and can be considered similar to those that characterized many other eruptions or reactivations related to seismic interactions (see Hill et al, 2002;Manga and Brodsky, 2006). Although this volcanic episode was the result of an external influence, the results shown in Fig.…”

Section: Tungurahua Volcanosupporting

confidence: 67%

Near-Real time analysis of seismic data of active volcanoes: Software implementations of time sequence data analysis

Vilà

Ortiz

Tárraga

et al. 2008

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper presents the development and applications of a software-based quality control system that monitors volcano activity in near-real time. On the premise that external seismic manifestations provide information directly related to the internal status of a volcano, here we analyzed variations in background seismic noise. By continuous analysis of variations in seismic waveforms, we detected clear indications of changes in the internal status. The application of this method to data recorded in Villarrica (Chile) and Tungurahua (Ecuador) volcanoes demonstrates that it is suitable to be used as a forecasting tool. A recent application of this developed software-based quality control to the real-time monitoring of Teide -Pico Viejo volcanic complex (Spain) anticipated external episodes of volcanic activity, thus corroborating the advantages and capacity of the methodology when implemented as an automatic real-time procedure.

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“…In the immediate or short term associated with passing seismic waves, mechanical perturbation of the magma reservoir may result in processes such as rectified diffusion, gas exsolution, and/or unclogging of migration pathways (Hill et al, 2002;Brodsky and Prejean, 2005;Manga and Brodsky, 2006). Such processes may also be enhanced by the overall geological structure at depth (Lupi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Lupi and S A Miller: Short-lived Tectonic Switch Mechanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-lived tectonic switch mechanism for long-term pulses of volcanic activity after mega-thrust earthquakes

Lupi

Miller

2014

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Eruptive rates in volcanic arcs increase significantly after subduction mega-thrust earthquakes. Over short to intermediate time periods the link between mega-thrust earthquakes and arc response can be attributed to dynamic triggering processes or static stress changes, but a fundamental mechanism that controls long-term pulses of volcanic activity after mega-thrust earthquakes has not been proposed yet.Using geomechanical, geological, and geophysical arguments, we propose that increased eruption rates over longer timescales are due to the relaxation of the compressional regime that accompanies mega-thrust subduction zone earthquakes. More specifically, the reduction of the horizontal stress σ h promotes the occurrence of short-lived strike-slip kinematics rather than reverse faulting in the volcanic arc. The relaxation of the pre-earthquake compressional regime facilitates magma mobilisation by providing a short-circuit pathway to shallow depths by significantly increasing the hydraulic properties of the system. The timescale for the onset of strike-slip faulting depends on the degree of shear stress accumulated in the arc during inter-seismic periods, which in turn is connected to the degree of strain-partitioning at convergent margins.We performed Coulomb stress transfer analysis to determine the order of magnitude of the stress perturbations in present-day volcanic arcs in response to five recent megathrust earthquakes; the 2005 M8.6, 2007 M8.5, and 2007 M7.9 Sumatra earthquakes; the 2010 M8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake; and the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku, Japan earthquake. We find that all but one the shallow earthquakes that occurred in the arcs of Sumatra, Chile and Japan show a marked lateral component. We suggests that the long-term response of volcanic arcs to subduction zone mega-thrust earthquakes will be manifested as predominantly strike-slip seismic events, and that these future earthquakes may be followed closely by indications of rising magma to shallower depths, e.g. surface inflation and seismic swarms.

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SEISMIC TRIGGERING OF ERUPTIONS IN THE FAR FIELD: Volcanoes and Geysers

Cited by 425 publications

References 100 publications

Large historical eruptions at subaerial mud volcanoes, Italy

Large historical eruptions at subaerial mud volcanoes, Italy

Near-Real time analysis of seismic data of active volcanoes: Software implementations of time sequence data analysis

Short-lived tectonic switch mechanism for long-term pulses of volcanic activity after mega-thrust earthquakes

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