Seismic tremor reveals active trans-crustal magmatic system beneath Kamchatka volcanoes

Abstract

The occurrence and the style of volcanic eruptions are largely controlled by the ways in which magma is stored and transported from the mantle to the surface through the crust. Nevertheless, our understanding of the deep roots of volcano-magmatic systems remains very limited. Here, we use the sources of seismovolcanic tremor to delineate the active part of the magmatic system beneath the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group in Kamchatka, Russia. The tremor sources are distributed in a wide spatial region over the whole range of crustal depths connecting different volcanoes of the group. The tremor activity is characterized by rapid vertical and lateral migrations explained by fast pressure transients and dynamic permeability. Our results support the conceptual model of extended and highly dynamic trans-crustal magmatic systems.

Insights into the dynamics of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption using seismic interferometry and network covariance matrix analyses

“…This depth-extended effusive tremor activity illuminating an area spreading from the surface to 5-6 km depth is in agreement with the pre-eruptive hypocentral distribution of earthquakes, which was concentrated at 3-6 km depth (Tarasewicz et al, 2012a(Tarasewicz et al, , 2014, and the geodetic model by Sigmundsson et al (2010), in which a dike from a 4-6 km deep sill fed the fissure eruption. It could be explained by fast over-pressure transients in the plumbing system beneath the flank eruption site, as recently evidenced at a larger trans-crustal scale at the Klyuchevskoy volcanic group in Kamchatka, Russia (Journeau et al, 2022). Stations used for location appear as black inverted triangles in the map and cross-sections, except for stations ENUP, EFIM and EBAS which appear in light blue, dark blue and red respectively.…”

“…The first eigenvector enhances the information related to the dominant source and filters out the remaining part of the wavefield related to secondary sources (in terms of energy level) and seismic noise. The method can be used to locate shallow and deep sources, as well as discrete and continuous sources (Soubestre et al, 2019;Journeau et al, 2020;Soubestre et al, 2021;Journeau et al, 2022).…”

“…The network response function (NRF, black curve in Fig. 7b) represents the maximum in each 15 minlong-time window of the 3-D network response spatially normalized by its sum over all grid points (referred to as likelihood of the tremor source as it sums to unity on the total grid volume) and temporally renormalized by the maximum of this latter function for the entire period between 21 March and 16 May (Soubestre et al, 2019;Journeau et al, 2022). Tremor sources appearing in the map and cross-sections of Fig.…”

Deep long period seismicity preceding and during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland

“…Deep long-periods earthquakes are usually interpreted to be caused by the transport of magma through the lower crust. Beneath the Klyuchevskoy Volcanic Group on the Kamchatka Peninsula, DLPs and tremor are observed to be linked to eruptive episodes (Shapiro et al 2017;Journeau et al 2022). LP events (both shallow and deep) are interpreted to be triggered from pressure transients through an extended magmatic plumbing system beneath the group of volcanoes.…”

Transcrustal Compressible Fluid Flow Explains the Altiplano‐Puna Gravity and Deformation Anomalies

“…Our study demonstrates the benefit of pairing observations of spatiotemporal variations in the gravity field changes with measurements of surface deformation to provide insights into the evolution of restless volcanic systems. Recognizing transcrustal fluid migration as a source of volcanic unrest has important implications for the characterization of hydraulically connected sub‐volcanic plumbing systems (Christopher et al., 2015; Journeau et al., 2022). It can also help explain the many non‐eruptive episodes of volcano deformation world‐wide (Biggs et al., 2014; Phillipson et al., 2013), and particularly those at large silicic calderas where similar linear trends between gravity changes and ground displacements have been noted (Williams‐Jones & Rymer, 2002).…”