Seismic Slip, Aseismic Slip, and the Mechanics of Repeating Earthquakes on the Calaveras Fault, California

Bakun, William H.; King, Geoffrey; Cockerham, Robert S.

doi:10.1029/gm037p0195

Cited by 45 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The strain tensor is derived from the geometric moment, which can be expressed as M ij equivalent to M.R θ , with M the scalar moment and R θ the radial component (Amelung & King 1997b). Classes of magnitudes are defined such as the transition between two successive classes corresponds to a doubling in fault length, which also corresponds to a factor of 8 in scalar moment (Bakun et al 1986;King et al 1994;Amelung & King 1997a,b). Strain rosettes for each class of magnitude are presented in Fig.…”

Section: Study Of the Deformation Accommodated By The Aftershocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized slip and distributed deformation in oblique settings: the example of the Denali fault system, Alaska

Vallage¹,

Dévès²,

Klinger³

et al. 2014

Geophysical Journal International

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In most fault systems the direction of the relative plate motion is oblique to the azimuth of the existing faults. Hence, during earthquakes the displacement may be partitioned between several faults that accommodate different components of the total motion. Here, we quantify the effect of the obliquity of the fault system relatively to the plate-motion direction on the distribution of the deformation in the fault system, during distinct periods of the seismic cycle. The 2002 November, M w 7.9, Denali strike-slip earthquake ruptured 341 km of the Denali fault. The azimuth of the fault varies by more than 50 • over the total rupture length, making the Denali fault an ideal system to test the effect of obliquity. From west to east, thrust dominates the first part of the rupture while strike-slip dominates the central and eastern sections. Using a kinematic model that considers the obliquity of the plate-motion direction relative to the local fault azimuth, we explored how much of the far-field tectonic loading is accommodated on the main strike-slip fault during the earthquake, and how much is accommodated by distributed deformation off the main fault, on secondary structures. Using a dataset of 735 focal mechanisms, we represent the deformation using strain rosettes and we compare seismological data with model results using the areal strain. Then we developed the parameter Ca, the coefficient of accommodation, which allows a direct quantification of the efficiency of a fault to accommodate oblique motion. Using these indicators, we show that in oblique setting, such as in the Denali case, the aftershocks and the background seismicity are organized to accommodate a significant part of the deformation that is not taken on the Denali strike-slip fault during the main earthquakes. The westward increase of the obliquity actually increases the amount of such deformation accommodated through distributed thrust faults, leading to the westward widening of the Alaska Range, located north of the Denali fault. Therefore, the strain partitioning between localized slip on pre-established major faults and distributed deformation accommodated through aftershocks and background seismicity on smaller faults (highlighted here by the longer-term topography) seems to be needed during the seismic cycle to accommodate the boundary conditions in such oblique settings.

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Section: Study Of the Deformation Accommodated By The Aftershocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized slip and distributed deformation in oblique settings: the example of the Denali fault system, Alaska

Vallage¹,

Dévès²,

Klinger³

et al. 2014

Geophysical Journal International

Self Cite

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“…One of the first examples of repeating earthquakes is the Parkfield sequence along the San Andreas Fault where on average a moderate event occurred every 22 years between 1857 and 1966 [Bakun et al, 1986]. Repeating earthquakes are nowadays rather restricted to small seismic events, typically a few hundred meters in rupture size, which occur repetitively in time at exactly the same place [Poupinet et al, 1984;Nadeau et al, 1995;Nadeau and McEvilly, 1999].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐lasting seismic repeaters in the Central Basin of the Main Marmara Fault

Schmittbuhl

Karabulut

Lengliné

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Main Marmara Fault which crosses the whole Marmara Sea is a significant seismic gap along the North Anatolian Fault. Here we show that nine long‐lasting strike‐slip seismic repeaters exist below the Central Basin within the seismogenic zone, in a 10 km region where deep creep was previously suggested from the analysis of the local seismicity. The typical recurrence time was 8 months during the 2008–2015 period. The cumulative slip of the repeating sequence appears to be compatible with the regional geodetic slip rate if they are assumed to be part of a large single asperity (10 km). The repeaters also exhibit short‐term crises and are possibly related to bursts of creep.

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“…The observation of complementary organization of MSH slip and aftershocks is not new in the context of natural events, for example, M L 5.8 Coyote Lake (1979), California; M L 6.2 Morgan Hill (1984), California (Bakun et al, 1986); M s 7.3 Borah Peak (1983), Idaho; M s 6.0 North Palm Springs (1986), California (Mendoza & Hartzell, 1988); M s 8.1 Michoacan (1985), Mexico (Das, 2003;Mendoza & Hartzell, 1989); M w 7.3 Landers (1992), California (Das, 2003); M w 8.1 Antarctic Plate (1998; Das, 2003); M w 6.3 L'Aquila ( 2009), Italy (Chiarabba et al, 2009); M w 2.9 Irpinia (2008), Italy (Stabile et al, 2012); and M w 9.0 Tohoku-Oki (2011), Japan (Kato & Igarashi, 2012). Complementary patterns between early aftershocks and coseismic slip have also been recently observed for the induced M w 4.0 earthquake near Guthrie, Oklahoma (Wu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rupture Process of the M_w 3.3 Earthquake in the St. Gallen 2013 Geothermal Reservoir, Switzerland

Király-Proag

Satriano

Bernard

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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We analyze slip distribution and rupture kinematics of a Mw3.3 induced event that occurred in the St. Gallen geothermal reservoir (NE Switzerland) in 2013. We carry out a two‐step procedure: (1) path effects are deconvolved from the seismograms using an empirical Green's function, resulting in relative source time functions at all seismic stations; (2) the relative source time functions are back‐projected to the corresponding isochrones on the fault plane. Results reveal that the mainshock rupture propagates toward NNE from the hypocenter with an average velocity of 2,000 m/s. Spatiotemporal organization of foreshocks and aftershocks shows that the mainshock broke a previously less active portion of the fault and suggests that the aftershock sequence could be mainly driven by stress transfer. Applying this method in an operational environment could enable fast retrieval of seismic slip, allowing assessment of fault asperities and structures involved in the reservoir creation process.

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Seismic Slip, Aseismic Slip, and the Mechanics of Repeating Earthquakes on the Calaveras Fault, California

Cited by 45 publications

References 41 publications

Localized slip and distributed deformation in oblique settings: the example of the Denali fault system, Alaska

Localized slip and distributed deformation in oblique settings: the example of the Denali fault system, Alaska

Long‐lasting seismic repeaters in the Central Basin of the Main Marmara Fault

Rupture Process of the M_w 3.3 Earthquake in the St. Gallen 2013 Geothermal Reservoir, Switzerland

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Seismic Slip, Aseismic Slip, and the Mechanics of Repeating Earthquakes on the Calaveras Fault, California

Cited by 45 publications

References 41 publications

Localized slip and distributed deformation in oblique settings: the example of the Denali fault system, Alaska

Localized slip and distributed deformation in oblique settings: the example of the Denali fault system, Alaska

Long‐lasting seismic repeaters in the Central Basin of the Main Marmara Fault

Rupture Process of the Mw 3.3 Earthquake in the St. Gallen 2013 Geothermal Reservoir, Switzerland

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Rupture Process of the M_w 3.3 Earthquake in the St. Gallen 2013 Geothermal Reservoir, Switzerland