Seismic safety assessments of historical timber buildings using updated finite element models: Case study of Yingxian wooden pagoda, China

Deng, Yang; Li, Yuhang; Li, Aiqun

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105454

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This study explored an experimental approach, but there are other methods that can be employed to better understand the key factors contributing to the deterioration of wooden structures. For example, Deng et al [93] utilized a variety of techniques, such as bright-field microscopy, polarized light, fluorescence, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, to identify wood species and assess the extent of material degradation in the walkway of the first courtyard of the Ancient Yangjia Courtyard. Similarly, Chen et al [94] developed logistic regression models to evaluate the degradation levels of historically and culturally significant structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Change in Techno-Economic Properties of Waterfront Structural Pinewood

Yılmaz,

Tekin,

Palanci

et al. 2024

Buildings

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Historical buildings are constructed using a variety of materials, including stone, wood, and combinations thereof. These structures serve as tangible links to the past and are of great importance to cultural heritage, thus necessitating their protection. Throughout history, these buildings and materials have been exposed to various environmental conditions, including climate, wind, humidity, and seismic activity. This study focused on the Florya Atatürk Marine Mansion, Istanbul, a coastal structure situated at the shoreline and subject to the effects of wind, moisture, and sea salt. The mansion is primarily constructed from pinewood, and due to the complexity of the material salt can cause deterioration that poses a threat to the building’s cultural and historical value. With a focus on seasonal variations, this study explored the relationship between the mechanical properties and monetary values of the pinewood materials used in the waterfront mansion. To achieve this, samples were naturally aged in a saline environment by the sea and subjected to tensile and bending tests at the end of each season. The resulting mechanical properties were compared to computer simulations using finite element methods. By subtracting the specific depreciation rate of the material at the end of each season, a relationship between mechanical properties and monetary value was calculated and presented in graphical form. It was found that the material’s mechanical properties varied throughout the year, affecting its monetary value in different ways. Therefore, optimal maintenance should be provided before January to preserve the economic value of the material, considering temperature change, exposure to direct sunlight, and humidity, which have direct effects on the front and back parts of the building.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Change in Techno-Economic Properties of Waterfront Structural Pinewood

Yılmaz,

Tekin,

Palanci

et al. 2024

Buildings

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“…The Yingxian Wooden Pagoda (1056 AD), located in Shanxi province, China, is a particularly remarkable example, as it is the oldest and highest extant pure-wooden structure in the world, with a height of 67.58 m (Figure 1a) [3,5,8]. It has attracted extensive attention and research due to the mystery of standing for a millennium [3,[8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterioration of Microstructures and Properties in Ancient Architectural Wood from Yingxian Wooden Pagoda (1056 AD) during Natural Aging

Long

Chen

Lin

et al. 2023

Forests

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The Yingxian Wooden Pagoda (1056 AD), located in Shanxi province, China, is a unique architectural pure-wooden artifact standing for a millennium. Despite its longevity, the structures and properties of the ancient architectural woods used in its construction have been significantly degraded due to long-term natural aging, which has profoundly impacted the preservation of this valuable cultural heritage. To better understand this degradation, we studied the deterioration of a baluster (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.) from Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. The study employed various analytical techniques, including optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation technology, to evaluate the microstructures and properties of the ancient architectural woods. Results indicated that the destruction of wood cell walls was primarily transverse transwall destruction and interfacial debonding and that the degradation of chemical components was primarily in the hemicellulose (xylan) and amorphous region of cellulose. The reduced elastic modulus and hardness of tracheid cell walls in the ancient architectural woods were higher than in recent larch woods. This study would help deepen understanding of wood deterioration during long-term natural aging for the subsequent preservation and protection of wooden cultural heritages and longer use of ancient timber constructions.

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“…These methods, often referred to as structural identification (St-Id) or model updating, stand as the most efficient means to achieve complete damage identification. The goal of model updating is to adjust the parameters of a certain structural model of the monitoring asset with the purpose of minimizing discrepancies between the model's theoretical predictions and actual experimental observations [15][16][17]. In this light, if a damage condition emerges, it can be translated into a variation in the mechanical properties of some specific structural members.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Comprehensive Damage Identification of Structures though Populations of Competing Models

Hernández-González,

García-Macías

2023

Preprint

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Model-based damage identification for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) remains an open issue in the literature. Along with the computational challenges related to the modeling of full-scale structures, classical single-model structural identification (St-Id) approaches provide no means to guarantee the physical meaningfulness of the inverse calibration results. In this light, this work introduces a novel concept of multi-class digital twins (DTs) formed by a population of competing models, each representing a different failure mechanism. The forward models in the DT are replaced by computationally efficient meta-models, and continuously calibrated using monitoring data. If an anomaly in the structural performance is detected, a model selection approach based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) is used to identify the most plausibly activated failure mechanism. The potential of the proposed approach is illustrated through two case studies, including a numerical planar truss and a real-world historical construction: the Muhammad Tower in the Alhambra fortress.

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Seismic safety assessments of historical timber buildings using updated finite element models: Case study of Yingxian wooden pagoda, China

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Seasonal Change in Techno-Economic Properties of Waterfront Structural Pinewood

Seasonal Change in Techno-Economic Properties of Waterfront Structural Pinewood

Deterioration of Microstructures and Properties in Ancient Architectural Wood from Yingxian Wooden Pagoda (1056 AD) during Natural Aging

Towards a Comprehensive Damage Identification of Structures though Populations of Competing Models

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