Seismic monitoring and vibrational characterization of small wind turbines: A case study of the potential effects on the Eskdalemuir International Monitoring System Station in Scotland

Westwood, Rachel F.; Styles, Peter; Toon, S.M.

doi:10.3997/1873-0604.2015001

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In this case, there is also a potential for applying advanced homogenization techniques, as has been done in [Boutin and Roussillon 2006]. Overall, a very promising outcome of the presented comparison indicates clear prospects for implementing the scheme in more elaborated problems of surface wave-structure interaction inspired by the modelling of seismic metasurfaces [Colombi et al 2016;Colquitt et al 2017] and also calculating the seismic response of wind turbines and farms, e.g., see [Saccorotti et al 2011;Westwood et al 2015]. Appendix A.1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Approximate analysis of surface wave-structure interaction

Ege

Erbaş

Kaplunov

et al. 2018

J. Mech. Mater. Struct.

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Surface wave-structure interaction is studied starting from a specialised approximate formulation involving a hyperbolic equation for the Rayleigh wave along with pseudostatic elliptic equations over the interior of an elastic half-space. The validity of the proposed approach for modelling a point contact is analysed. Explicit dispersion relations are derived for smooth contact stresses arising from averaging the effect of a regular array of spring-mass oscillators and also of elastic rods attached to the surface. Comparison with the exact solution of the associated plane time-harmonic problem in elasticity for the array of rods demonstrates a high efficiency of the developed methodology. Erbaş and Kaplunov acknowledge the financial support of TÜBİTAK via the 2221-Fellowships for Visiting Scientists and Scientists on Sabbatical Leave.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Approximate analysis of surface wave-structure interaction

Ege

Erbaş

Kaplunov

et al. 2018

J. Mech. Mater. Struct.

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“…The relationship between wind speed and seismic amplitude varies between wind turbines and frequencies . Wind speed and wind direction data, at the wind turbine, are available for the same time period as the seismic data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between wind speed and seismic amplitude varies between wind turbines and frequencies. 21 Wind speed and wind direction data, at the wind turbine, are available for the same time period as the seismic data. Therefore, the data are filtered both on wind speed and frequency, as some frequencies may be more prominent at certain wind speeds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the seismic wavefield of a wind turbine using polarization analysis

Westwood

Styles

2017

Wind Energy

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Ambient seismic noise can often be seen as problematic, but with the right analysis can act as a tool to image the Earth. Wind turbines are known to generate low frequency vibrations, however, the wave types that are generated are currently unknown. Characterizing these vibrations will allow wind turbines to be used as a seismic source and be of value to geotechnical applications and seismic interferometry. This paper uses polarization analysis of the seismic wavefield around a small wind turbine to identify the type of wave being generated by the turbine and to clarify the source. The seismic data recorded 190m from the wind turbine are processed using a window length of 0.1 seconds and bandpass filtered on a selection of frequency ranges. Polarization analysis is performed for two different wind speed ranges, in order to show the variation of wave characteristics between operational and non-operational modes of the wind turbine. Polarized surface waves are identified as the predominant wave type at blade rotation harmonics, making this work particularly relevant to multichannel analysis of surface waves and seismic interferometry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The premise of our research is that excess vibrations from different WT subassemblies are transmitted to the ground and thus detectable by seismometers (ground motion detection systems). Indeed, WT-induced ground motions have been identified as a source of noise in conventional seismic arrays deployed for earthquake detection 19,20 as have ground motions from wind gusts. 21 Previous research has indicated the presence of vibrational signals from WTs in ground-based sensor (seismometer) networks deployed to evaluate compliance with nuclear test bans 22 and for earthquake detection 20 and has considered the potential health effects of these low frequency vibrations on people 23 and marine wildlife.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new seismic‐based monitoring approach for wind turbines

Barthelmie

Letson

et al. 2018

Wind Energy

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Wind turbine performance and condition monitoring play vital roles in detecting and diagnosing suboptimal performance and guiding operations and maintenance. Here, a new seismic‐based approach to monitoring the health of individual wind turbine components is presented. Transfer functions are developed linking key condition monitoring properties (drivetrain and tower acceleration) to unique, robust, and repeatable seismic signatures. Predictive models for extreme (greater than 99th percentile) drivetrain and tower acceleration based on independent seismic data exhibit higher skill than reference models based on hub‐height wind speed. The seismic models detect extreme drivetrain and tower acceleration with proportions correct of 96% and 93%, hit rates of 91% and 82%, and low false alarm rates of 4% and 6%, respectively. Although new wind turbines incorporate many diagnostic sensors, seismic‐based condition/performance monitoring may be particularly useful in extending the productive lifetime of previous generation wind turbines.

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Seismic monitoring and vibrational characterization of small wind turbines: A case study of the potential effects on the Eskdalemuir International Monitoring System Station in Scotland

Abstract: This paper presents a case study of the ground-borne vibrations generated by small wind turbines.

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Approximate analysis of surface wave-structure interaction

Approximate analysis of surface wave-structure interaction

Assessing the seismic wavefield of a wind turbine using polarization analysis

A new seismic‐based monitoring approach for wind turbines

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