Seismic loss estimation of wood-frame houses in south-western British Columbia

Seismic Risk Assessment of Urban and Rural Settlements around Lake Malawi

“…The results in terms of median MMI hazard curves, affected population curves (MMI > 6.5), and building-collapse curves are shown in Figures 10B, 11B, and 12B, respectively. General trends of the hazard and risk curves for different spatial correlation values are that three curves intersect one another (note: this is visible in Figures 11B and 12B but not in Figure 10B) and that with the increase of the correlation coefficient and with the decrease of the annual exceedance probability level, both hazard and risk metrics become greater, which is consistent with other seismic risk studies for a building portfolio (Goda et al, 2011). These are due to the simultaneous occurrence of correlated more intense macroseismic intensity at building sites, thus the aggregate effects due to the earthquake are increased.…”

“…In this study, a simplified correlation structure, which adopts a constant linear correlation coefficient at different locations (within the radius of 10 km from the center of the settlement), is considered for the prediction error of the MMI equation. More specifically, for the base case, the correlation coefficient is set to 0.5; this value is consistent with the empirical correlation estimates of PGA and spectral acceleration of various past earthquakes within the separation distance up to 10 km (Goda, 2011). In the Section "Result, " the effects of considering different correlation coefficients on the earthquake impact assessment will be investigated.…”

“…This consideration can be important when earthquake impact assessment for a portfolio of buildings is carried out (Goda et al, 2011). The challenging aspects of the evaluation are that a suitable spatial correlation model for MMI is not available in the literature and that the effects of spatially varying seismic intensity measures are partly included in original MMI observations as they are defined over certain areas (e.g., zip codes and administrative units).…”

Incremental dynamic analysis of wood-frame houses in Canada: Effects of dominant earthquake scenarios on seismic fragility

“…For this purpose, a seismic risk model for multiple wood-frame houses, developed by Goda et al [18], is adopted. The details of the seismic risk model can be found there.…”

“…In particular, this study presents comprehensive assessment of seismic fragility of conventional wooden houses in Canada by focusing on regional seismicity (different locations), distinction of earthquake scenarios, and local site conditions (Section 5). Finally, a comparative investigation of seismic loss estimation of multiple wood-frame houses [18] is conducted for different locations using the developed fragility models (Section 6). One of the main objectives is to evaluate the relative impact of 'seismic hazard' versus 'seismic fragility' on the final seismic loss estimation results.…”