“…In addition, digital-and data-driven insights that are derived from legacy data provide a competitive advantage for deep underground mining. Scientists routinely discover new insights from legacy data that ranges from characterisation, prediction and hypothesis testing of deep geological structures to geometallurgical properties of various ores (e.g., Cowan, 2020;Mutshafa et al, 2022). From an engineering perspective, legacy data has been successfully used to create machine learning algorithms that are highly specific to currently relevant data (e.g., Wu and Zhou, 1993;Jafrasteh et al, 2018;Zhao and Niu, 2020).…”