Seismic fragility of base-isolated single-storey unreinforced masonry buildings equipped with classical and recycled rubber bearings in Himalayan regions

Seismic fragility models for base‐isolated unreinforced masonry buildings with fibre‐reinforced elastomeric isolators

“…54 The seismic fragility assessment of the 1B archetype with different base isolation systems (using RR-FREIs and LRBs) along with a detailed sensitivity analysis on isolator properties, intensity measures, and fragility analysis methods can be found in. 27 Despite the availability of detailed investigations on this building archetype, it is also included in the present study to highlight the vulnerability of such simple structures in comparison with other common archetypes with different structural and architectural features. The fragility models of the 1B archetype were also included in the present study for the sake of completeness.…”

“…It can be noted that in case of RR-FREI higher damping properties could be taken into account along with additional variability in the mechanical properties of the compound. 27 Equation (3) can be numerically solved so that the value of the period 𝑇 𝑖𝑠 is consistent with the corresponding displacement 𝑆 𝑑 (𝑇 𝑖𝑠 , 𝜁 𝑖𝑠 ) according to the seismic hazard level of the site.…”

“…very large IDR rate under increasing IM) or convergence loss in the computation of seismic fragility. The procedure used by Losanno et al 27 for base-isolated URM buildings was thus used, calculating the probability of exceeding collapse as follows:…”

“…25,26 As regard higher uncertainties in the mechanical properties of recycled-rubber, these authors recently investigated the influence of variability in RR-FREIs' properties, demonstrating low sensitivity of seismic fragility analysis due to significantly higher effect of masonry properties to be accounted in case of URM buildings. 27 Further development of RR-FREI technology would demand mechanical properties be duly characterized according to modern standards for rubber testing as recently done in Cilento et al 28 One of the key components in seismic risk assessment of buildings is the fragility analysis which is used for a probabilistic estimation of future losses. 29,30 Several studies had been carried out to evaluate the vulnerability of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, steel buildings and bridges.…”

Selection of seismic isolation system parameters for the near-optimal design of structures

“…Most of the existing buildings and bridges use elastomeric bearings, with the elastomer being either natural rubber or neoprene or sliding bearings, with the sliding surface being Teflon and stainless steel. Hence, isolation systems may be divided into two categories; the first category includes the family of elastomeric bearings 6 , 7 , in which we find the high damping rubber bearing system (HDRB), the lead rubber bearing system (LRBs) and other systems. The second category includes the family of sliding bearings, in which we find the friction pendulum system (FPS) 8 and sliding bearing 9 with and without system without recentering (SI), among others 10 .…”