Seismic Fragility Analysis of Steel Storage Tanks

Paolacci, Fabrizio; Phan, Hoang Nam; Corritore, Daniele; Alessandri, Silvia; Bursi, Oreste S.; Reza, Sumon

doi:10.7712/120115.3522.1040

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Static and dynamic analyses, which considered the variability of the action through through a suite of earthquake records [9], were used to establish the main damage causes, which were due to a fragile failure of the steel columns, caused by buckling effects, resulting in a complete collapse of the system. The silos remained fully elastic, consistent with observation found in the literature [6][7][8]. The braces suffered extensive yielding without however triggering any brittle behavior.…”

Section: Case Study Structuresupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The main cause of damage observed on elevated steel silos during earthquakes lies in the failure of the support structure, which generally results in the collapse of the structure [6]. The shell structure of the silo can be considered safe since the acceleration needed to cause buckling phenomena of the wall is generally several times higher than the one causing damage to the substructure or the anchorage [6][7][8]. The retrofit solution proposed for the structure object of this study focuses on the reduction of the action transmitted to the substructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Based Earthquake Assessment of an Industrial Silos Structure and Retrofit With Sliding Isolators

Rossi¹,

Ventrella²,

Faggella³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS Congress 2016)

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Abstract. Recent seismic events pointed out the high vulnerability of existing industrial facilities, stressing on safety and high losses inherent to interruption of economic activities and release of environmentally hazardous materials. These structures often have irregular geometry and structural configuration, are subject to aging and corrosion, and are designed without specific performance-based or seismic design criteria. Due to these inherent complexities, retrofit using friction isolators can be a viable and practical solution for performance improvements. This work presents a case study of irregular industrial storage plant structure consisting of a group of six elevated silos resting on a steel frame on one side and connected to a vaulted RC structure on the other. A computational model is built incorporating nonlinearities from the components (braces, beams, columns, etc.) and from the mitigation devices. Retrofit using friction isolators is analyzed and evaluated through linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses under a set of natural ground motions. Results show the effectiveness of the mitigation strategy in terms of performance improvement. 5926

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Section: Case Study Structuresupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Based Earthquake Assessment of an Industrial Silos Structure and Retrofit With Sliding Isolators

Rossi¹,

Ventrella²,

Faggella³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS Congress 2016)

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“…Fragility Analysis of industrial equipment and relevant LOC conditions is crucial for a credible risk and consequence-based analysis of process plants. A large number of methodologies for deriving fragility curves, especially for the most diffused equipment like storage tanks, can be found in the literature (Salzano et al, 2003;HAZUS, 2001;Campedel et al, 2008;Buratti and Tavano, 2014;Bakalis et al, 2015;Iervolino et al, 2004;Paolacci et al, 2015;Kaynia, 2013;Paolacci et al, 2018). Nevertheless, few contributions focused on the possible LOC events and potential consequences (Kalemi et al, 2016;Campedel et al, 2008).…”

Section: Main Issues In Seismic Risk Assessment Of Major-hazard Industrial Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Screening Methodology for the Identification of Critical Units in Major-Hazard Facilities Under Seismic Loading

Corritore

Paolacci

Caprinozzi³

2021

Front. Built Environ.

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The complexity of process industry and the consequences that Na-Tech events could produce in terms of damage to equipment, release of dangerous substances (flammable, toxic, or explosive), and environmental consequences have prompted the scientific community to focus on the development of efficient methodologies for Quantitative Seismic Risk Analysis (QsRA) of process plants. Several analytical and numerical methods have been proposed and validated through representative case studies. Nevertheless, the complexity of this matter makes their applicability difficult, especially when a rapid identification of the critical components of a plant is required, which may induce hazardous material release and thus severe consequences for the environment and the community. Accordingly, in this paper, a screening methodology is proposed for rapid identification of the most critical components of a major-hazard plant under seismic loading. It is based on a closed-form assessment of the probability of damage for all components, derived by using analytical representations of the seismic hazard curve and the fragility functions of the equipment involved. For this purpose, fragility curves currently available in the literature or derived by using low-fidelity models could be used for simplicity, whereas the parameters of the seismic hazard curve are estimated based on the regional seismicity. The representative damage states (DS) for each equipment typology are selected based on specific damage states/loss of containment (DS/LOC) matrices, which are used to individuate the most probable LOC events. The risk is then assessed based on the potential consequences of a LOC event, using a classical consequence analysis, typically adopted in risk analysis of hazardous plants. For this purpose, specific probability classes will be used. Finally, by associating the Probability Class Index (PI) with Consequence Index (CI), a Global Risk Index (GRI) is derived, which provides the severity of the scenario. This allows us to build a ranking of the most hazardous components of a process plant by using a proper risk matrix. The applicability of the method is shown through a representative case study.

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“…Buratti and Tavano [9] derived seismic fragility curves for the buckling of the tank wall using an added-mass approximate model for liquid modeling. Paolacci et al [16] concentrated on the seismic fragility of a liquid storage tank in terms of the buckling of the tank wall with simplified numerical models. Phan et al [10] used lumped mass models and considered the buckling failure of the tank wall for seismic fragility assessment.…”

Section: Mathematical Problems In Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the results, probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs) are constructed by linear regression of the seismic responses and corresponding values [41]. The PSDMs have been broadly utilized to derive the analytical seismic fragility curves of various structures [7,10,16,39,[42][43][44][45][46].…”

Section: Seismic Fragility Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Fragility Analysis of Steel Liquid Storage Tanks Using Earthquake Ground Motions Recorded in Korea

Lee

Kim

Lee

2019

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Liquid-containing storage tanks are important structures in industrial complexes. Because earthquake damages to liquid storage tanks can cause structural collapse, fires, and hazardous material leaks, there have been continuous efforts to mitigate earthquake damages using seismic fragility analysis. In this regard, this study focuses on the seismic responses and fragility of liquid storage tanks. First, the characteristics of earthquake ground motions are a critical factor influencing the seismic fragility of structures; thus, this study employs real earthquake records observed in the target area, southeastern Korea, with the earthquake characteristics estimated based on the ratio of peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity. When a liquid storage tank oscillates during an earthquake, additional forces can impact the tank wall owing to hydrodynamic pressures. Therefore, this study presents a sophisticated finite element (FE) model that reflects the hydrodynamic effect of an oscillating liquid. Another advantage of such an FE model is that detailed structural responses of the entire wall shells can be estimated; this is not possible in simplified lumped mass or surrogate models. Lastly, probabilistic seismic demand models are derived for three critical limit states: elastic buckling, elephant’s foot buckling, and steel yielding. Using the real earthquake ground motion records, constructed FE model, and limit states, a seismic fragility analysis is performed for a typical anchored steel liquid storage tank in Korea. In addition, for comparison purposes, a ring-stiffened model is investigated to derive a seismic fragility curve. The results of the seismic fragility assessment show that elastic buckling is the most vulnerable damage state. In contrast, elephant’s foot buckling and steel yielding indicate relatively severe damage levels. Furthermore, it is observed that ring stiffeners decrease the elastic buckling damage, although there is no practical effect on elephant’s foot buckling and steel yielding in all ground motion intensities.

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Seismic Fragility Analysis of Steel Storage Tanks

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Performance Based Earthquake Assessment of an Industrial Silos Structure and Retrofit With Sliding Isolators

Performance Based Earthquake Assessment of an Industrial Silos Structure and Retrofit With Sliding Isolators

A Screening Methodology for the Identification of Critical Units in Major-Hazard Facilities Under Seismic Loading

Seismic Fragility Analysis of Steel Liquid Storage Tanks Using Earthquake Ground Motions Recorded in Korea

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