Seismic evidence of nonlinear crustal deformation during a large slow slip event in Mexico

Rivet, Diane; Campillo, Míchel; Shapiro, N. M.; Cruz‐Atienza, V. M.; Radiguet, Mathilde; Cotte, Nathalie; Kostoglodov, V.

doi:10.1029/2011gl047151

Cited by 118 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…The maximum change is approximately 0.2% of the elastic modulus (c.f. 1), which is similar to observations at large scale during slow slip events, 48 earthquakes, 5 or volcanism. 49 The curve in Figure 6 shows a decrease in M with time (/ ¼ 0 is the top of the plot), as well as an increase in the cumulative pump strain.…”

Section: B Nonlinear Response Of a Berea Sandstonesupporting

confidence: 72%

Characterizing the nonlinear interaction of S- and P-waves in a rock sample

Gallot

Malcolm

Szabo

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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The nonlinear elastic response of rocks is known to be caused by the rocks' microstructure, particularly cracks and fluids. This paper presents a method for characterizing the nonlinearity of rocks in a laboratory scale experiment with a unique configuration. This configuration has been designed to open up the possibility of using the nonlinear characterization of rocks as an imaging tool in the field. In our experiment, we study the nonlinear interaction of two traveling waves: a low-amplitude 500 kHz P-wave probe and a high-amplitude 50 kHz S-wave pump in a room-dry 15 Â 15 Â 3 cm slab of Berea sandstone. Changes in the arrival time of the P-wave probe as it passes through the perturbation created by the traveling S-wave pump were recorded. Waveforms were time gated to simulate a semi-infinite medium. The shear wave phase relative to the P-wave probe signal was varied with resultant changes in the P-wave probe arrival time of up to 100 ns, corresponding to a change in elastic properties of 0.2%. In order to estimate the strain in our sample, we also measured the particle velocity at the sample surface to scale a finite difference linear elastic simulation to estimate the complex strain field in the sample, on the order of 10 À6 , induced by the S-wave pump. We derived a fourth order elastic model to relate the changes in elasticity to the pump strain components. We recover quadratic and cubic nonlinear parameters:b ¼ À872 and d ¼ À1:1 Â 10 10 , respectively, at room-temperature and when particle motions of the pump and probe waves are aligned. Temperature fluctuations are correlated to changes in the recovered values ofb andd, and we find that the nonlinear parameter changes when the particle motions are orthogonal. No evidence of slow dynamics was seen in our measurements. The same experimental configuration, when applied to Lucite and aluminum, produced no measurable nonlinear effects. In summary, a method of selectively determining the local nonlinear characteristics of rock quantitatively has been demonstrated using traveling sound waves. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Section: B Nonlinear Response Of a Berea Sandstonesupporting

confidence: 72%

Characterizing the nonlinear interaction of S- and P-waves in a rock sample

Gallot

Malcolm

Szabo

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Yet knowledge of the upper crust is not in itself sufficient to characterize seismic hazard, as lower crustal slip beneath the seismogenic zone can drive the seismicity in the upper crust (Tse and Rice, 1986;Scholz, 2002) and lead to the nucleation of large earthquakes (Nadeau and Guilhem, 2009;Shelly, 2009;Segall and Bradley, 2012). Low Frequency Earthquakes (LFEs), which accompany the slow slip events observed on the deep extension of fault interfaces in Cascadia (Rogers and Dragert, 2003;Bostock et al, 2012), Japan (Obara et al, 2004;Shelly et al, 2006), and Mexico (Rivet et al, 2011;Frank et al, 2013), have also been observed in the Parkfield region of California (Nadeau and Dolenc, 2005;Shelly et al, 2009), and present the opportunity to illuminate the elusive elastic and slip behaviors of the lower crust (Rubinstein et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronous low frequency earthquakes and implications for deep San Andreas Fault slip

Trugman

Guyer

et al. 2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Low Frequency Earthquakes (LFEs) are slip events that occur repeatedly at source locations within the lower crust. LFEs, and the associated seismic broadcast known as tremor, have been observed in a diverse array of tectonic environments. Here we develop a suite of statistical tools to conduct a systematic study of the spatial and temporal correlations of the event occurrence patterns of the 88 LFE sources beneath the greater Parkfield section of the San Andreas Fault. We first examine correlations in the occurrence patterns on long time scales to show that the regions to the north and south of Parkfield behave independently. We next use the cumulative event signatures of each source to characterize the individual occurrence patterns on shorter time scales. Through application of a statistical clustering algorithm, we demonstrate that individual LFE sources form spatially coherent clusters that may represent localized elastic structures or asperities on the deep fault interface. We conclude by examining the fine-scale features of the event rates within the LFE occurrence patterns. Through quantitative comparison to analogous laboratory shear experiments on granular, fault gouge-like materials, we infer that the distinctive features of LFE occurrence patterns reflect variations in the insitu stress and frictional conditions at the individual LFE source locations. These observations provide a framework to understand the spatial and temporal diversity of fault slip that occurs within the lower crust beneath Parkfield and that may influence seismic hazard in the region.

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“…Sens-Schonfelder & Wegler 2006;Brenguier et al 2008b;Duputel et al 2009), earthquakes (e.g. Brenguier et al 2008a;Xu & Song 2009;Zaccarelli et al 2011;Minato et al 2012) or slow slip events (SSEs) (Rivet et al 2011). Using the passive monitoring method, Meier et al (2010) detect seasonal velocity changes within the Los Angeles basin (with higher velocities in summer than in winter) and suggest that two possible reasons are hydrological and/or thermoelastic variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spurious velocity changes caused by temporal variations in ambient noise frequency content

Zhan¹,

Tsai²,

Clayton³

2013

Geophysical Journal International

108

112

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S U M M A R YAmbient seismic noise cross-correlations are now being used to detect temporal variations of seismic velocity, which are typically on the order of 0.1 per cent. At this small level, temporal variations in the properties of noise sources can cause apparent velocity changes. For example, the spatial distribution and frequency content of ambient noise have seasonal variations due to the seasonal hemispherical shift of storms. Here, we show that if the stretching method is used to measure time-shifts, then the temporal variability of noise frequency content causes apparent velocity changes due to the changes in both amplitude and phase spectra caused by waveform stretching. With realistic seasonal variations of frequency content in the Los Angeles Basin, our numerical tests produce about 0.05 per cent apparent velocity change, comparable to what Meier et al. observed in the Los Angeles Basin. We find that the apparent velocity change from waveform stretching depends on time windows and station-pair distances, and hence it is important to test a range of these parameters to diagnose the stretching bias. Better understanding of spatiotemporal noise source properties is critical for more accurate and reliable passive monitoring.

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Seismic evidence of nonlinear crustal deformation during a large slow slip event in Mexico

Cited by 118 publications

References 32 publications

Characterizing the nonlinear interaction of S- and P-waves in a rock sample

Characterizing the nonlinear interaction of S- and P-waves in a rock sample

Synchronous low frequency earthquakes and implications for deep San Andreas Fault slip

Spurious velocity changes caused by temporal variations in ambient noise frequency content

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