Seismic evidence for a mantle plume beneath the Cape Verde hotspot

Liu, Xin; Zhao, Dapeng

doi:10.1080/00206814.2014.930720

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Some of the locally spawned structures, if sufficiently small in size, may be transported relatively far away by horizontal upper‐mantle flow (van Keken & Gable, 1995) giving origin to the numerous, dispersed occurrences of volcanism observed in the Central‐East Atlantic. This is in line with a recent geochemical study proposing that plume material feeds also isolated, off‐track seamounts in the Canary Basin (Long et al., 2020). This scenario may also explain some first‐order irregularities in the distribution of the volcanism along the hotspot tracks, such as large and varying age differences and distances between volcanic complexes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The origin of the Central‐East Atlantic volcanism from the Upper Cretaceous onwards has often been associated with that of the Euro‐Mediterranean region based on their geochemical affinities (e.g., Wilson & Downes, 2006; Lustrino & Wilson, 2007a, 2007b) and has been mainly attributed to: (i) a passive rise of the shallow mantle (Anguita & Hernán, 2000; Lustrino & Wilson, 2007a, 2007b); or (ii) a deep plume and/or shallower upper‐mantle plumes and blobs (Hoernle & Schmincke, 1993; Hoernle et al., 1995 ; Long et al., 2020; Mata et al., 1998; Merle et al., 2019; Piromallo et al., 2008; Saki et al., 2015). However, clear evidence of such upwellings has been hampered by poor knowledge of the seismic mantle structure beneath this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Seismically Slow Central‐East Atlantic Anomaly in the Genesis of the Canary and Madeira Volcanic Provinces

Civiero

Custódio

Neres

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Canary and Madeira provinces in the Central‐East Atlantic Ocean are characterized by an irregular spatio‐temporal distribution of volcanism along the hotspot tracks, and several alternative scenarios have been suggested to explain it. Here, we combine results from seismic tomography, shear‐wave splitting and gravity along with plate reconstruction constraints to investigate the mantle structure and dynamics beneath those provinces. We find that the Central‐East Atlantic Anomaly (CEAA), which rises from the core‐mantle boundary and stalls in the topmost lower mantle, is the deep source of distinct upper‐mantle upwellings beneath the region. The upwellings detach intermittently from the top of the CEAA and appear to be at different evolutionary stages. We argue that the accumulation of plume material in the topmost lower mantle can play a key role in governing the first‐order spatio‐temporal irregularities in the distribution of hotspot volcanism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Seismically Slow Central‐East Atlantic Anomaly in the Genesis of the Canary and Madeira Volcanic Provinces

Civiero

Custódio

Neres

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The sharp seismic velocity difference along the SCLM of the Congo and West African cratonic margin, where the Canary Islands and CVL are located, cannot be explained by the temperature difference alone and requires a compositional gradient 16 . Beneath Cape Verde, there is a sharp contrast between the low and high P- and S-wave seismic velocity anomalies along the SE islands 48 , which could arise from the sharp contrast in lithospheric thickness observed for this region 16,17 . Owing to the detached depleted cratonic SCLM being buoyant relative to the convecting mantle, it is likely that these SCLM materials became widespread beneath the Atlantic Ocean after its opening 49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Origin of ocean island basalts in the West African passive margin without mantle plume involvement

et al. 2019

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The geochemical variabilities in intraplate basalts (IB) from the West African passive margin (WAPM) region, have generally been employed to indicate the presence of recycled materials in an associated upwelling mantle plume. However, the absence of time-progressive linear hotspot tracks in WAPM-IB make it difficult to explain their genesis solely by the mantle plume hypothesis. Here, we show that the Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb isotopic variations in basalts from most of the WAPM-IB could have mainly attributed to the derivation from two types of fusible regions of the refertilized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and the sub-lithospheric mantle. The locations and magma genesis of WAPM-IB are strongly related to the distance from the Mesozoic rift axis and the structure of the rifted SCLM. The melting of the source region can possibly be attributed to small-scale mantle convection at the base of the SCLM without the involvement of a mantle plume.

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“…5.10). The low-V anomaly may reflect a hot mantle plume feeding the Cape Verde hotspot (Liu and Zhao 2014).…”

Section: Atlantic Hotspotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5.5). Recently, Liu and Zhao (2014) determined P and S wave tomography of the upper mantle beneath the Cape Verde hotspot using arrival-time data measured precisely from three-component seismograms of 106 teleseismic events recorded by a local seismic network. Their results show a prominent low-V anomaly imaged as a continuous column of < 100 km wide from the Moho down to ~ 500 km depth under Cape Verde, especially beneath the Fogo active volcano which erupted in 1995 ( Fig.…”

Section: Atlantic Hotspotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hotspots and Mantle Plumes

Zhao

2015

Multiscale Seismic Tomography

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Seismic images under 62 possible hotspots are reviewed for understanding the origin of hotspots and mantle plumes. Plume-like, continuous low-velocity anomalies are visible beneath Hawaii, Tahiti, Louisville, Iceland, Cape Verde, Reunion, Kerguelen, Amsterdam, Afar, Eifel, Hainan, Yellowstone and Cobb hotspots, suggesting that they may be 13 whole-mantle plumes originating from the core-mantle boundary. These plumes exhibit tilted images, suggesting that plumes are not fixed in the mantle but can be deflected by the mantle flow. Upper-mantle plumes seem to exist beneath Cameroon, Easter, Azores, Vema, East Australia and Erebus hotspots. A mid-mantle plume may exist under the San Felix hotspot. Active intraplate volcanoes in Northeast Asia and Southwest China are caused by hot and wet upwelling flows in the big mantle wedge above the stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone. Although low-velocity zones appear at some depth under other hotspots, their plume features are not clear. The complex images under hotspots reflect strong lateral variations in temperature, viscosity and possibly composition of the mantle, which control the generation and ascent of mantle plumes and the flow pattern of mantle convection.

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Seismic evidence for a mantle plume beneath the Cape Verde hotspot

Cited by 21 publications

References 90 publications

The Role of the Seismically Slow Central‐East Atlantic Anomaly in the Genesis of the Canary and Madeira Volcanic Provinces

The Role of the Seismically Slow Central‐East Atlantic Anomaly in the Genesis of the Canary and Madeira Volcanic Provinces

Origin of ocean island basalts in the West African passive margin without mantle plume involvement

Hotspots and Mantle Plumes

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