Seismic efficiency of decoupled nuclear explosions

Adushkin, V. V.; Kitov, Ivan; Kuznetsov, O. P.; Sultanov, D. D.

doi:10.1029/93gl00172

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…One of the important conclusions of this study is that the decoupling factors obtained in this study based on both teleseismic and near-field data are smaller than the value estimated by the Russians (Adushkin et al, 1992b). Thus, the coupling is quite strong compared to the coupling estimated for the United States experiments.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Similarly, for the Sterling event, a decoupling factor of about 705:20 was estimated by Springer et al, (1968). In a recent study, Adushkin et al (1992b) estimated a decoupling factor of 30 for the decoupled event based on the energy calculation consistent with a decoupling factor of 20 based on the amplitude measurements. The energy decoupling factor was calculated as the ratio of actual yield of the decoupled explosion to that of the effective yield estimated on the basis of statistical relationships established for the tamped explosions.…”

Section: Decoupling Factormentioning

confidence: 98%

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Direct measurement of source RDP`s and yields from near-field Soviet seismic data. Final report

Saikia¹,

McLaren

Helmberger

1994

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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Decoupling Factormentioning

confidence: 98%

Direct measurement of source RDP`s and yields from near-field Soviet seismic data. Final report

Saikia¹,

McLaren

Helmberger

1994

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“…But a serious attempts to extend Sharpe's analytical solution beyond that of a spherical cavity was lacking. For this reason, all scaling laws used to date (King et al, 1989;Stevens et al, 1991;Adushkin et al, 1993;Florence and Miller, 1993) to estimate the yield of nuclear explosions from the seismic data are still based on a modification of Sharp. e's solution given by Haskell (1961Haskell ( , 1967.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multipole radiation of seismic waves from explosions in nonspherical cavities and its application to signal identification

Ben‐Menahem

Михайлов

1995

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A new method, named "spherical mapping approximation" (SMA), is developed for the evaluation of displacement fields of body waves and surface waves from explosions in nonspherical cavities embedded in elastic media. Under SMA, the explosion-generated stress distribution on the surface of an arbitrary cavity is mapped onto the surface of an equivalent virtual spherical cavity having the volume of the true cavity. The analytical results express the displacement field in terms of a multipole double-sum expansion of spherical eigenvectors with coefficients in the form of a finite Legendre transform of the components of the normal vector of the cavity boundary. These "cavity integrals" can be evaluated exactly for spheroidal and cylindrical inclusions. In the long-wave far-field approximation, symmetric finite cavities are shown to be equivalent to a linear combination of point dipoles directed along the principal cavity axes. The ensuing radiation patterns yield, in general, four-lobe patterns for S waves, two-lobe patterns for P waves, and single to two-lobe Rayleigh-wave pattern, independent of the details of the cavities' shape. However, all radiation patterns are modulated by a frequency-dependent "cavity factor" that embodies the boundary conditions on the cavity surface. Moreover, it is shown that the radiation pattern for P waves from a nonspherical symmetrical cavity in the long-wave far-field approximation is always dipolar. Since the radiation pattern of radiated P waves from a standard earthquake is always quadrupolar, the cavity explosion behaves like a non-double-couple earthquake. Thus the examination of the deviatoric moment tensor of a given seismic event enables one, in principle, to state whether it is a standard earthquake or perhaps (if the S-wave pattern is quadrupolar) an evasion of the test-bantreaty. It is shown that SMA can be easily fitted to a multilayered elastic half-space if the equivalent source is placed in one of the layers. In that case, Love waves will be generated in addition to P, S, and Rayleigh waves. Displacement patterns for body and surface waves are calculated for spheroidal and cylindrical cavities for a wide range of aspects ratios and corresponding aperture angles, exhibiting the whole gamut of cavity shapes from a line source to a disk. The moments of the equivalent dipoles are shown to depend on the corresponding cavity integrals, the elastic constants of the medium in the neighborhood of the source, and the initial energy injection. All nonspherical cavities generate strong shear waves except for special aperture angles at which a spherical P wave is generated, unaccompanied by S waves. The wave-spectra of body waves (surface waves) exhibit a corner frequency (peak frequency) at a wavelength equal to the radius of the equivalent sphere. This enables one to deduce the size of the cavity from the spectrum of its far-field displacement signals, provided that the explosion is fully decoupled and that the interaction of the shock wave with the medium occurred in the elastic...

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“…An event of that type is a so-called decoupled explosion. The FSU detonated several nuclear explosions in large cavities created by tamped (fully coupled) events at Azgir, including a partially decoupled explosion of eight kilotons Oct) in 1976 in an air-filled cavity created by a 64 kt explosion in 1971 [Sykes and Lyubomirskiy,1992;Adushkin et al, 1993].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate location of nuclear explosions at Azgir, Kazakhstan, from satellite images and seismic data: Implications for monitoring decoupled explosions

Sykes

Deng

Lyubomirskiy

1993

Geophysical Research Letters

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The 10 largest tamped nuclear explosions detonated by the Former Soviet Union in and near two salt domes near Azgir were relocated using seismic data and the locations of shot points on a SPOT satellite image taken in 1988. Many of the shot points are clearly recognized on the satellite image and can be located with an accuracy of 60 m even though testing was carried out at those points many years earlier, i. e. between 1966 and 1979. Onsite inspections and a local seismic monitoring network combined with our accurate locations of previous explosions would insure that any cavities that remain standing from those events could not be used for undetected decoupled nuclear testing down to a very small yield. Since the Azgir area, like much of the Pre‐Caspian depression, is arid, it would not be a suitable place for constructing large cavities in salt by solution mining and then using them for clandestine nuclear testing.

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Seismic efficiency of decoupled nuclear explosions

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Direct measurement of source RDP`s and yields from near-field Soviet seismic data. Final report

Direct measurement of source RDP`s and yields from near-field Soviet seismic data. Final report

Multipole radiation of seismic waves from explosions in nonspherical cavities and its application to signal identification

Accurate location of nuclear explosions at Azgir, Kazakhstan, from satellite images and seismic data: Implications for monitoring decoupled explosions

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