Seismic cracking analysis of concrete gravity dams with initial cracks using the extended finite element method

Experimental investigation on nonlinear dynamic response of concrete gravity dam-reservoir system

“…Mansouri et al [17] introduced the Bazant's non-linear fracture mechanics criteria for the seismic analysis of the concrete gravity dam. The crack propagation of concrete dams with initial cracks was studied by Zhang et al [30] during strong earthquakes using extended finite element method.…”

Mechanical behaviour of different types of concrete under multiaxial compression

“…However, it is known that concrete material in a structure is in a complex stress condition and the true uniaxial stress condition is extremely rare. With increasing use of finite-element methods in the analysis and design of concrete structures (Lou et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2013), the increase of multiaxial compressive strength over uniaxial compressive strength or the decrease of multiaxial compressive-tensile strength over uniaxial compressive strength should be considered. Motivated by the need to better understand the changes in multiaxial strength for calculations, experimental studies on the mechanical behaviour of plain concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete and steel fibre concrete under biaxial compression loads have been reported (Lee et al, 2004;Lim and Nawy, 2005;Lu and Hsu, 2006) but very little information on the multiaxial compressive strength of normal air-entrained concrete (NAEC) has been documented.…”

Peridynamic model for nonlinear viscoelastic creep and creep rupture of Polypropylene

“…Since hardening effect has already provided by viscoplastic strain equation, ε vp as in Equation. (10), thus the viscoelastic strain equation can be replaced by initial elastic strain equation, ε e with Ee as the elastic modulus: (10), the parameter λ1, λ2 and χ are used to describe the hardening effect, the softening effect and damage respectively. Parameters λ2 and χ have symbiosis interaction namely, χ evolves only when λ2 develops.…”

“…The major contribution of this method is to overcome the disability of the conventional Finite Element Method (FEM) which is unable to intrinsically simulate discontinuity such as crack and dislocation because it is based on differential equation. Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) has been introduced to solve the discontinuity and remeshing problems but it still requires complex formulation to describe crack propagation behaviour [8][9][10][11]. Otherwise, peridynamic concept allows crack prediction without a need to intensively describe the crack propagation behaviour since the method itself allows intrinsic crack propagation.…”